بررسی جریان دانش از دانشگاه‌ها به‌عنوان منابع تولید علم و فناوری: مقایسه‌ای بین دانشگاه‌های ایران و 100 دانشگاه برتر جهان با استفاده از سنجش استنادی میان مقالات و پروانه‌های ثبت اختراع

هدف: هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی مقایسه‌ای جریان دانش در دانشگاه‌های ایران و 100 دانشگاه برتر جهان با استفاده از سنجش استنادی میان مقالات و پروانه‌های ثبت اختراع است. روش‌شناسی: پژوهش حاضر به روش اسنادی و با رویکرد علم‌سنجی انجام گرفته است. جامعه پژوهش شامل 8 دانشگاه برتر ایران و 50 دانشگاه برتر جهان، نمایه‌شده در نظام رتبه‌بندی تایمز، یو اس نیوز، شانگهای، لایدن و سای‌ویژنز است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پایگاه سایول است و جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از آمار توصیفی و نرم‌افزار اکسل استفاده شده است. یافته‌ها: بیشترین فراوانی در شاخص پروانه‌های ثبت اختراع استنادکننده به مقالات، تعداد انتشارات مورد استناد پروانه‌های ثبت اختراع، میانگین تعداد پروانه‌های ثبت اختراع استنادشده دانشگاه به مقالات همان دانشگاه و استناد به پروانه‌های ثبت اختراع متعلق به دانشگاه استنفورد است. عملکرد دانشگاه‌ها در تمامی شاخص‌ها منفی بوده و عملکرد دانشگاه‌های ایران در شاخص‌های مذکور به‌ترتیب (24، 17، 6 و 26) برابر کمتر از متوسط دانشگاه‌های برتر جهان است. نتیجه‌گیری: بررسی استنادی میان تولیدات علمی و فناوری وضعیت میزان مطالعات کاربردی در دانشگاه‌ها را مشخص کرد. انتشار مقاله و پروانه‌های ثبت اختراع صرفاً جهت افزایش تعداد آنها و بدون در نظرگرفتن کیفیت آنها نمی‌تواند باعث رونق اقتصادی گردد.

survey of knowledge flow from universities as sources of science and technology production: a comparison between iranian universities and the top 100 universities in the world using citation measurement between articles and patents

purpose: the formation of a knowledge-based economy is one of the central policies of today’s societies. the main factor of growth in this economy is the creation of technology, new knowledge, and the application of advanced technology. a knowledge-based economy is a type of economy in which the production and exploitation of knowledge play a significant role in creating wealth (dasgupta david, 1994). based on this, the relationship between science and technology in the framework of pursuing sustainable economic development has received wide attention, and one of the ways to investigate the interactions between science and technology is to examine the citation between them (looy et al, 2003). through the measurement of citations between scientific productions and patents, it is possible to find out their applicability and determine which researches have the potential to be commercialized. among are universities as knowledge organizations which play an essential role in countries’ economies in facilitating the formation of a knowledge-based economy. therefore, it has become necessary to evaluate the performance of universities due to their vital role in the economic growth and social development of our society. since these institutions are known as sources of scientific and technological production, the purpose of this research is to compare the flow of knowledge in iranian universities and the top 100 universities worldwide by using citation measurement between articles and patents.methodology: this research is an applied study conducted with a documentary method and a scientometrics approach. the research community was determined in a targeted manner and includes 8 top universities in iran and 50 top universities worldwide, which were jointly present in the five ranking systems of times, us news, shanghai, leiden, and scivision. in this study, the information related to patent licenses citing articles, the number of publications citing patent licenses, the average number of patent licenses cited by the university to articles of the same university, and citing the patent licenses of each university from the scival database in the period, time 2009 to 2018 were extracted on june 26, 2019. finally, the study’s data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics of &frequency distribution and mean& and with the help of excel software.findings: stanford university in the index of patent licenses citing articles with 12.31%, in the index of the number of publications cited in patent licenses with 11.59, in the index of the average number of patent licenses citing articles of the same university with 9.68% and in the index citation of patents was the most frequent with 14.02%. also, the investigation of the performance of iranian universities and the world’s top universities revealed that their activities had a negative trend based on the investigated indicators and had a poor performance in a ten year period. these results showed that the average number of patent licenses citing articles in the world’s top universities is 2210.35. from 2010 to 10.41 patent licenses in 2018, and according to this index, iranian universities from 75.75 in 2009 to 2 patent licenses. the average number of publications cited by patent licenses of the world’s top universities from 504.85 in 2009 to 9.11 documents in 2018 and iranian universities from 25.62 in 2009 to 0.375 in 2018, the average number of patent licenses in each university citing the same university’s articles from 335.48 in 2009 to 1.02 in 2018, and this rate in iranian universities have increased from 53.17 in 2009 to 0.2 in 2018, the average number of citations to patent licenses of the world’s top universities reached 107 cases in 2018, from 2442.29 in 2009. also, iranian universities have performed 24, 17, 6, and 26 times less than the average of the top universities worldwide in all the mentioned indicators.