نقد شیوه خطی در تاریخ‌نگاری ادبی

شیوه خطی، رویکرد رایج تاریخ‌نگاری ادبی از گذشته تاکنون بوده‌است. این شیوه به‌رغم دارا بودن ارزش آموزشی و تسهیل یادگیری وقایع تاریخ ادبیات، نمی‎تواند برای پژوهش‌های دقیق تاریخ‌نگاری ادبی روشی کارا باشد و درنهایت به عرضه گزارشی ناقص و مبهم درباره وقایع ادبی منجر می‎شود. این مقاله به بررسی برخی کاستی‎های این شیوه در مطالعه تاریخ ادبیات فارسی می‎پردازد و پنج کاستی رایج آن را که در بینش تاریخ‌نگاری ادبی معاصر ریشه دوانده‌است به شرح زیر معرفی می‎کند: 1ناتوانی در توصیف تغییرات تدریجی آثار و سنت‌های ادبی؛ 2ناتوانی در شناسایی روابط چندگانه بین وقایع ادبی؛ 3پیوسته نشان‌دادن مقاطع گسست به صورت نمادین؛ 4همگن‌سازی دوره‌های مختلف ادبی بدون توجه به سهم واقعی هریک و 5تعیین آغاز و انجام وقایع ادبی برخلاف واقعیت‌های تاریخی.

A Critique of the Linear Method in Literary Historiography

The linear style has been the common approach of literary historiography from the past to the present. Despite its educational value and facilitating the learning of literary history, this method cannot be an effective method for accurate literary historiography, and ultimately leads to incomplete and ambiguous reports about literary events. The present article examines some of the weaknesses of this method in the study of the history of literature and identifies five common shortcomings that exist in contemporary literary historiography:Failing to describe gradual changes in literary works and traditionsFailing to identify multiple relationships between literary eventsSymbolically interconnecting points of ruptureHomogenizing different historical periods regardless of the actual contribution of eachDetermining the beginning and end of literary events contrary to historical facts Extended Abstract IntroductionThe linear style has been the common approach to literary historiography from the past to the present. This method, despite its educational value and its capacity for facilitating learning about the main events in the history of literature, is not an effective method for research in literary historiography as it ultimately leads to incomplete and ambiguous reports on literary events. The present study examines some of the weaknesses of this method in the study of the history of literature and identifies some common weaknesses in contemporary literary historiography, such as its inability to describe gradual changes in literary works and traditions, its inability to identify multiple relationships between literary events, and its tendency to symbolically interconnecting periods that are separate and homogenizing different historical periods regardless of the actual contribution of each.  Theoretical Framework Linear methodology in history, introduced by Ahmad Pakatchi, provides the framework of the present study.  MethodologyThe present study uses the descriptiveanalytical methodology to examine linear methodology in historiography.  Discussion and AnalysisIn the present paper the principles of the linear method of historiography have been identified and discussed and the problems resulting from this method have been pointed out.  ConclusionDespite its different educational advantages, the linear method of writing about the history of literature results in the production of an incomplete, ambiguous image of the history of literature. Therefore, it seems that in literary research, particularly in research papers, theses, and dissertations, new methods should be utilized so that more precise and comprehensive results are achieved. BibliographyFotouhi, M. 1395 [2016]. “Negahi beh Sabke Hendi.” Markaze Pajuheshhaye Irani va Eslami. http://www.cgie.org.ir/fa/news/129897.Homayi, J. n.d. Tarikhe Adabyate Iran. Tehran: Foroughi.Jafarinejad, A. 1386 [2007]. “Nofuze Farhang, Zaban va Adabyate Farsi dar Farhang va Hoviyate Mellie Hendustan va ShebhehQarreh.” Namehye Parsi 12/1 & 2.MohammadiMalayeri, M. 1379 [2000]. Tarikh va Farhange Iran. Tehran: Tous.Pakatchi, A. 1388 [2009]. “Naqde Olgouhaye Khati dar Pajuheshe Tarikhie Andishehye Siasie Eslam.” Raveshshenasi dar Motale’ate Siasie Eslam. A. A. Alikhani. Tehran: Emam Sadeq University.Safa, Z. 1363 [1984]. Tarikhe Adabyate Iran. Tehran: Ferdowsi.Sarli, N. 1392 [2013]. “Naqd va Bazandishie Dowrehbandi dar Tarikhe Adabi.” Faslnamehye Elmi Pajouheshie Naqde Adabi 23: 1136.Shiri, Q. 1389 [2010]. “Pichidegihaye Sabke Esfahani ya Hendi va Zaminehhaye Paydayeshe An.” Pajuheshhaye Zaban va Adabyate Farsi 5: 4445Zarrinkoub, A. 1392 [2013]. Tarikhe Mardome Iran az Payane Sassanian ta Payane Ale Bouyeh. Tehran: Amirkabir.Zarghani, M. 1388 [2009]. Tarikhe Adabie Iran va Qalamrowe Zabane Farsi. Tehran: Sokhan.