نقشِ شاهدهای شعریِ فرهنگ‌ها در تصحیحِ بیت‌هایی از سنایی و مولوی

آوردنِ شاهدهای شعری، از سنّت‌های ویژه در فرهنگ‌نویسی فارسی به شمار می‌رود. این شاهدها با همۀ معایب؛ از بدخوانی و احتمال تصحیف تا واژه‌سازی‌های ناروای فرهنگ‌نویسان، می‌توانند گه‌گاه مصححان را در تصحیح برخی متون یاری رسانند. البته چون ضبط بسیاری از این شاهدها خطاست، مصححان نیز در اکثر موارد چندان به آنها اهمیت نداده‌اند، اما با توجه به اینکه فرهنگ‌نویسان قدیم، احتمالاً نسخه‌هایی نزدیک‌تر به روزگارِ تالیفِ آثارِ کهن در اختیار داشته‌اند، از شاهدهای شعری این فرهنگ‌های لغت، همانند نسخه‌بدل می‌توان استفاده کرد و در تصحیح متون از آنها بهره جُست. در این جُستار بر پایۀ برخی شاهدهای شعری سنایی و مولوی در فرهنگ‌های لغت و عموماً فرهنگ جهانگیری، پیشنهادهایی برای تصحیح این بیت‌ها مطرح شده‌است.

The impact of poetical citations in Persian dictionaries with regard to correcting the bits of Sana’i and Rumi

Registering poetical citations is commonly considered as one of the most unique traditions in Persian lexicography. Although these citations may suffer disadvantages including misreads and likelihood of confusion along with erronouse equivalents, they can give assistance to editors in correction of other historical texts. However, since the recorded poetical citations have considerably been fallacious, the editors did not care much about the citations in the majority of cases. Given the fact that the traditional lexicographers probably possessed a number of manuscripts which belonged to a time much closer to the era of compilation of the ancient works, they could well be regarded as poetical evidence and best applied as duplicate files worthwile in correcting other texts. In this essay, suggestions are made to carefully correct a number of bits in Sanayi and Rumi’s poetry based upon Persian dictionaries, specially Jahangiri Dictionary.  Extended Abstract1. Introduction In the oldest known Persian to Persian dictionary, namely, Loghate Forse Asadie Tusi, the main focus of  the author`s attention has been paid  to the rhymes of poetry, as well as the meaning of the difficult words contained therein. Apparently, for most of the words in this dictionary, there are poetical citations from various poets. Given the fact that the authors of the old dictionaries had totally focused on the vocabulary of the poems,  the composition of poetry, and the poetry books, they did not pay much attention to words not included in the poems, therefore they have inevitably given up this vocabulary treasure and afflicted the dictionaries with this great imperfection and flaw. One of the reasons why the main focus of attention in dictionaries has been paid  to the poetry vocabulary was because a large nummber of the words were of nonIranian origines, and  hence they could straightforwaedly enable nonIranians to get well acquainted with Persian poems. 2. Theoretical framework The value and the importance of  insertion  the very poetical citations in lexicography is to such an extent that, in the eyes of the old and the new criticizers, one of the main problems of the popular dictionaries, e.g.  Borhane ghate, is to remove the poetical citations. For this reason, some authors of ancient dictionaries have vastly tried to find  poetical citations for words with no documentation in the masterpieces of the great Persian poets and to insert them in their dictionaries. In this regard, we can mention the author of the Dictionary of Shoury who was deceived by dishonest men and deceptive merchants who versified completely nonsense ridiculous, and funny verses for him as anonymous and fake poets and he being unaware of this deception, included the verses in his dictionary. In general, it has strongly been believed that poetical citations  suffer a number of shortcomings and errors.  However, given the fact that the traditional lexicographers probably possessed a number of manuscripts which belonged to a time much closer to the era of compilation of the ancient works, they could well be regarded as the poetical evidence and best applied as duplicate files worthwile in correcting other texts. 3. MethodologyIn this article, using poetical citations recorded in the old dictionaries and on the margin of the words, it has been tried to correct Sana’i and Molavi bits. Furthermore, the errors of the lexicographers have been attentively represented through a comparison of  identical citations both in other Persian dictionaries and in the Sanai and Rumi books. 4. Result & DiscussionThe present contribution attempts to portray the errors and shortcomings of the Persian dictionaries by taking a critical look at the poetical citations in the dictionaries and comparing them with their original forms in the books of Sanai and Rumi. This research includes two main parts; in the first part, using ancient texts and a comparison of poetical citations in different Persian dictionaries, eight bits of the Senai, and in the second part, on the same basis , five bits of Rumi have been carefully reviewed and corrected. 5. Conclusions & SuggestionsIn most  ancient Persian dictionaries, poetical citations are massively documented. Given that, in most cases, the recordings of  poetical citations are much more confusing and misleading comparing  the original instances in the books of poets, the proofreaders did not pay much attention to these citations. However, poetical citations of dictionaries, though rarely, can help us correct verses in the works of various poets.According to the findings of this research, it is illustrated that the dubious and distorted bits of poets can be corrected by using poetical citations of ancient dictionaries and comparing them with the original recorded forms in the works of poets. Moreover, a list of  errors can be found in the Perian dictionares on this basis.