بررسیِ واج‌های گونۀ براهوییِ رودبارِ جنوب

براهویی، زبانی غیرایرانی و از خانوادۀ زبان های دراویدی است که محل اصلی رواج آن، کشور پاکستان است اما در ایران نیز گویشورانی دارد. گروهی از براهویی‌های ایران با جمعیت کمتر از دو هزار نفر در جنوب کرمان زندگی می کنند که بخشی از آنها در روستای تُم مِیری شهرستان رودبار جنوب و بخشی درشهرستان فاریاب ساکن اند و علاوه‌بر براهویی، به فارسی و نیز گویش رودباری که گویش مسلط منطقه است تکلم می کنند. دو قرن مجاورت و همزیستی با بومیان منطقه، باعث به وجود آمدن گونه ای جدید از زبان براهویی شده‌است که آن را می توانیم براهوییِ رودبار جنوب بنامیم. موضوع این مقاله، بررسی واج های این گونه زبانی، و هدف از آن، استخراج و توصیف آوایی واج ها و نیز بررسی و شناخت منشاِ واج های این گونۀ زبانی است. منطقۀ پژوهش، روستای تم میریِ شهرستان رودبار جنوب است. داده ها به شیوۀ میدانی و با مصاحبه با گویشوران مرد و زن، از سطوح مختلف سنی و تحصیلی گردآوری شده‌است.

The study of phonemes in Brahui dialect of Rudbare Jonub

Brahui dialect is a widely spoken dialect in TomMeyri village which is located in Rudbare jonub county in Kerman province. This dialect is considered as one of the nonIranian dialects existing in Iran. Most Brahui speakers live in Sistan and Baluchistan province, however a minority group with fewer than 1,000 people live in Rudbare Jonub and Faryab counties in south of Kerman province. The abovementioned dialect is one of the varieties of Brahui language which belongs to the Dravidian family. The present survey is a descriptive study of the phonemic system of Brahui dialect. The geographic focus of the research is Tommeyri village and the data is gathered through direct interviews with a sample of Brahui male and female speakers of different educational attainments and various age groups. Extracting the phonemes in Brahui and using the process of substitution, the phonological examination, along with relevant examples, is discussed carefully. In this regard, we also attempted to distinguish phonemes with the same place and manner of articulation.  Extended Abstrac 1 IntroductionBrahui dialect of Rudbare Jonub is the main dialect of Brahui tribe who emigrated to the south of Kerman province two centuries ego. The tribe members inhabited in TomMeyri village as well as Faryab county. In addition to Brahui, they can speak both Persian and Rudbari dialect. The present research is an attempt to identify the phonemic system of Brahui dialect through analyzing the minimal pairs and also to find out the origin of the dialect. Furthermore, the Brahui phonemic system of Rudbare Jonub will be compared with phonemes of the Rudbari dialect, Brahui of Sistan and Baluchistan, and Brahui of Pakistan. 2 Theoretical frameworkThe present research has mainly used a descriptive framework. In this regard, the dialectal data of the research have been carefully investigated, described, and compared with their equivalents in the previous linguistic periods using a historicalcomparative method. 3 MethodologyThis study exploited a mixed method of fieldwork and library based methodology. The linguistic corpus of Brahui of Rudbare Jonub was mainly collected through direct interviews with native speakers of Brahui dialect of TomMeyri county, and the data related to the Brahui of Sistan and Balochestan, Brahui of Pakistan and Dravidian languages were provided through different library resources. 4 Results & DiscussionA1 Phonological value of /b//p/ consonant pairs:1)             /b/: this consonant shows the phonological contrast with the consonants /p/ and /m/.2)      /p/: this consonant shows the phonological contrast with the consonants /b/ and /m/. A2 Phonological value of /d//t/ consonantpairs:1)      /d/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /t/, /s/, /z/ and /Ɂ/.2)      /t/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /d/, /k/, /n/ and /s/.A3 Phonological value of /ḍ//ṭ/ consonant pairs:1)      /ḍ/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /d/, /t/ and /x/.2)      /ṭ/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /t/ and /n/. A4 Phonological value of /g//k/ consonant pairs:1)      /g/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonant /k/.2)      /k/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /g/, /G/ and /č/. A5 Phonological value of /ǰ//č/ consonantpairs:1)      /ǰ/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonant /č/.2)      /č/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /ǰ/, /k/, /l/ and /š/. A6 Phonological value of /v//f/ consonantpairs:1)      /v/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /f/ and /m/.2)      /f/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /v/, /k/ and /n/. A7 Phonological value of /z//s/ consonantpairs:1)      /z/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /s/ and /d/.2)      /s/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /š/, /z/ and /d/. A8 Phonological value of /ž//š/ consonantpairs:1)      /ž/: This phoneme is only found in loanwords from Rudbari dialect.2)      /š/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /s/ and /č/. A9 Phonological value of /g//x/ consonantpairs:1)      /g/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonant /k/.2)      /x/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /xw/, /h/ and /n/. A10 Phonological value of /gw//xw/consonantpairs:1)      /gw/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonant /xw/.2)      /xw/: this consonant shows phonological contrast with the consonants /gw/ and /x/. Phonological value of / / consonantPhonological contrast with the consonant//A11 /h/:/x/A12 /Ɂ/:/d/, /t/ and /x/A13 /m/:/p/, /b/, /n/ and /v/A14 /n/:/l/, /m/, /t/, /k/, /n/ and /f/.A15 /l/:/r/, /k/, /n/ and /č/A16 /ɬ/:/t/, /ṛ/, /d/, /f/, /l/ and /x/A16 /r/:/l/, /ṛ/, /r/A17 /ṛ/:/r/A18 /r/:/r/A19 /y/:/p/ B1 Phonological value of /ie//ue/ vowel pairs:1)      /ie/: this vowel shows phonological contrast with the vowel /â/.2)      /ue/: this vowel shows phonological contrast with the vowels /u/, /o/, and /â/.  Phonological value of / / vowelphonological contrast with the vowels / /B2 /a/:/e/, /â/, /o/, /u/ and /i/B3 /e/:/a/, /â/, /i/ and /u/.B4 /i/:/a/, /e/, /u/ and /ie/.B5 /u/:/a/, /â/, /i/, /e/ and /ue/.B6 /o/:/u/ and /a/.B7 /â/:/i/, /u/ and /a/. 5 Conclusion & SuggestionsThis research illustrated that Brahui of Pakistan and Brahui of Sistan and Baluchestan have the phoneme /ṇ/ while it doesn’t exist in Rudbari dialect. Rudbari, in addition to trilled /r/ has flap /ɾ/, while neither in Pakistani nor in Sistani it was found. We also illustrated that together with /g/ and /x/ phonemes, there are also labialized consonant pairs namely /gw/ and /xw/ in Brahui of Rudbar. Regarding vowel system of Rudbari, there were observed differences with the vowel systems of Pakistani and Sistani. The vowel system in Brahui of Rudbar matched completely to Rudbari vowels; Brahui of Rudbar has accepted the specific vowels of Rudbari dialect. /ie/ and /ue/ are compound vowels which respectively succeeded to the simple vowels /ē/ and /ō/ in MiddlePersian.