بررسی علل گردشگری خانه‌های دوم شهری در ایام شیوع کووید19

ویروس کرونا به دلیل جدید بودن، سهولت و سرعت انتقال همراه با پوشش گسترده رسانه‌ها موجب اضطراب بین‌المللی و اعمال محدودیت‌های مسافرتی توسط سازمان بهداشت شد. در ایران از مردم خواسته شد تا سفرهای غیرضروری را لغو کنند اما با شروع تعطیلات گردشگران بسیاری به شهرهای گردشگر پذیر ازجمله شهرستان رامسر در استان مازندران سفر کردند؛ با توجه به تعطیلی مراکز اقامتی و گردشگری، بخش غالب گردشگران ورودی به شهرستان رامسر گردشگرانی بودند که مالک خانه دوم در این شهر هستند و گردشگران خانه‌های دوم محسوب می‌شوند، اگرچه نظریه‌ها و دیدگاه‌های مختلفی در زمینه گردشگری خانه‌های دوم وجود دارد در پژوهش حاضر سعی شد تا انگیزه‌های تمایل به گردشگری خانه‌های دوم در زمان شیوع ویروس کرونا موردبررسی قرار بگیرد؛ در این راستا با توجه به بررسی ادبیات نظری این حوزه متغیرهای مالکیت، شرایط اقلیمی، ویژگی‌های شخصیتی که از عوامل مهم تمایل به گردشگری خانه‌های دوم هستند و همچنین بررسی تاثیر وضع قوانین و مقررات محدودکننده سفر بر گردشگری خانه‌های دوم در شهرستان رامسر به‌عنوان یکی از مکان‌های پرتردد در استان مازندران پرداخته شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش گردشگرانی بودند که در بهار و تابستان 1399 با توجه به شیوع ویروس کرونا به شهرستان رامسر سفر کردند. در پژوهش حاضر از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی استفاده شد و به‌منظور بررسی روایی محتوای پرسشنامه با کارشناسان مربوطه حوزه گردشگری مشورت‌های لازم صورت گرفت و برای بررسی پایایی از روش آلفای کرونباخ شد، که برابر با 8/0 بود. برای تحلیل داده‌ها و اولویت‌بندی متغیرها از نرم‌افزار spss22 استفاده‌شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که مالکیت خانه‌های دوم، قوانین و مقررات، ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و ویژگی‌های منطقه به ترتیب بیشترین شدت ارتباط را با گردشگری خانه‌های دوم در ایام قرنطینه داشتند.

Investigating the Tourism Causes of Urban Second Homes during Outbreak of Covid19

Extended AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus has caused international anxiety and travel restrictions imposed by the Health Organization due to its novelty, ease, and speed of transmission, along with extensive media coverage. In Iran, people were asked to cancel unnecessary trips, but with the start of the holiday, many tourists traveled to tourist cities, including Ramsar in Mazandaran province. Due to the closure of accommodation and tourism centers, the majority of incoming tourists to Ramsar were ones who ownership of a second home in the city and are considered second home tourists. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the reasons for the tourism of second homes during the outbreak of coronavirus. MethodologyThe present study is part of descriptive survey researches in terms of nature. The statistical population of the study was tourists who traveled to Ramsar in the spring and summer of 1399 due to the spread of coronavirus. According to the volume of tourists, the number of samples was calculated based on Cochran’s formula 384 items. In order to check the validity of the content, the necessary consultations were held with the experts and considering their opinion, the proposed problems were corrected and in the resurvey, it was ensured that the questionnaire has the necessary validity. To compare the importance and ranking of the identified variables and components, a comparative questionnaire with a fivepoint Likert scale (1 = very low to 5 = very high) was used. To measure reliability, a prototype consisting of 30 questionnaires was tested and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated to be 0.8. According to the minimum reliability coefficient (0.7), the value obtained indicates the reliability of the questionnaire. In data analysis, SPSS22 software was exerted for prioritization. Results and discussionThe correlation test showed the four main dimensions of second home tourism at the time of the coronavirus outbreak  that the dimensions of ownership with the amount of correlation (semantic level), 0.89 (0.000), rules and regulations with a correlation value of 0.86 (0.000), personality traits with a correlation value of 0.78 (0.009) and the climatic conditions of the region with a correlation value of 0.68 (0.001) with 95% reliability, respectively, have the highest intensity of direct relationship with the second homes tourism in Ramsar city.The components of realization of property rights in any situation with a strong correlation (0.91) at the significance level of (0.001) and with 95% reliability, feeling of being a native with a strong correlation (0.89) at the level of significance (0.000) and 95% reliability, public facilities similar to the local community with a strong correlation (0.87) at the significance level of (0.002) and 95% reliability, vehicle ownership and ease of transportation with a correlation intensity (0.82) at a significant level of (0.000) and 95% reliability have the highest impact on the ownership factor, respectively.Components of no government ban on travel with a strong correlation (0.80) at the significance level of (0.000) and 95% reliability, failure to set rules and regulations to prevent travel with a strong correlation (0.79) at the significance level of (0.004) and 95% reliability, lack of complete quarantine of cities and villages with a strong correlation (0.77) at the significance level of (0.017) and with 95% reliability,  nonimposition of fines for unnecessary trips with a strong correlation (0.74) at the significance level of (0.004) and 95% reliability, respectively, have the highest impact on the factor of rules and regulations.The components of escape from the monotony and daily life with a correlation intensity (0.75) at the significance level of (0.029) and with 95% reliability, extending the quarantine period and leisure use with a strong correlation (0.73) at the significance level of (0.000) and with 95% reliability, risktaking and risk acceptance with a strong correlation (0.70) at the significance level of (0.011) and 95% reliability, escape from urban pollution and highrisk centers with a strong correlation (0.68) at the level of significance (0.000) and 95% reliability, belonging to place with a strong correlation (0.61) at the significance level of (0.009) and 95% reliability, acquisition of mental and physical fitness with the intensity of correlation (0.58) at the significance level of (0.010) and 95% reliability have the highest impact on the factor of personality traits, respectively.Components of the existence of attractions with a strong correlation (0.70) at the significance level of (0.000) and 95% reliability, natural landscapes with a strong correlation (0.68) at the significance level of (0.011) and 95% reliability, environmental calm with a strong correlation (0.59) at the significance level of (0.005) and 95% reliability, suitable climate with the intensity of correlation (0.54) at the significance level of (0.003) and 95% reliability, respectively, have the highest impact on the climatic conditions. ConclusionThe traffic of nonnative cars in different cities and villages of this province, especially in Ramsar city, shows the high number of second homes in this area. Although second homes and the presence of tourists have led to economic prosperity and job creation, in times of crisis such as the recent one, the necessary training should be provided to the host community and tourists and second homeowners, as well as emergency laws. We need to think about projects in which the tourists have a share in the costs and problems made by tourism in the region. Establishing laws and regulations that are restrictive and commensurate with sudden crises, although in the short term will cause a decline in tourism and economic problems for business owners in the field of tourism, it is vital so, in the future, leads the tourism industry to grow and prosper to host communities. Moreover, healthy and educated tourists need to have a good time enjoying themselves and others away from worries.