رابطه مدیریت بحران و تاب‌آوری جامعه مقصد گردشگری در بحران کرونا مطالعه موردی: شهر همدان

بحران‌ها، آسیب‌پذیری و تاب‌آوری از مسائل اصلی بوده که صنعت گردشگری همواره با آن درگیر هستند. این مطالعه به درک رابطه بین روند مدیریت بحران و پاسخ‌های تاب‌آوری جامعه محلی مقصد گردشگری شهر همدان می‌پردازد. با توجه به بحران پاندمیک ویروس کویید19 این مطالعه مطرح می‌کند که تاب‌آوری جامعه فرآیندی است که در تصمیم‌گیری پیرامون کاهش اثرات بحران تاثیر می‌گذارد. روش این پژوهش کیفی و به روش داده بنیاد (گراندد تئوری) صورت پذیرفته است. داده‌ها با روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی و با استفاده از ابزار مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته عمیق با 13 نفر از خبرگان و فعالان صنعت گردشگری شهر همدان گردآوری و از طریق اصول تحلیل داده‌ها و مبانی کدگذاری، تحلیل و مدل نهایی پژوهش با استفاده از نرم‌افزار اطلس– تی ارائه‌شده است. پس از انجام مصاحبه‌ها و بررسی و تفسیر داده‌ها، 56 زیر مقوله در قالب 12 مقوله اصلی و 2 مقوله محوری استخراج شد و اشباع نظری حاصل شد. نتایج این پژوهش بیان می‌کند که تفسیر پاسخ جامعه میزبان به مدیریت بحران از دریچه تاب‌آوری به تصمیم‌گیرندگان این امکان را می‌دهد تا به‌طور کامل تاثیرات بحران پاندمیک ویروس کویید19 بر جامعه و صنعت گردشگری را درک کنند. این پژوهش مسیری یکپارچه برای مدیریت بحران و تاب‌آوری جامعه پیشنهاد می‌کند تا برای هدایت بحران‌ها و پایداری جامعه گردشگری مورداستفاده قرار گیرد.

The Relationship between Crisis Management and Community Resilience in Tourism Destination at Corona CrisisCase Study: Hamedan City

Extended Abstract  Introduction The covid19 was reported in early January 2020 by the World Health Organization in China. The virus spread rapidly in the Wuhan region of China and was initially largely ignored by political leaders around the world. Within a few weeks, the disease spread beyond China. Covid19 has plunged the world into an unforeseen health crisis that has had a profound impact on communities. Tourism destinations are among the sectors that have received the most negative impact from this crisis. Given the severity of the outbreak of crises over the past decade, and with increasing access to information about these events, it has exacerbated crises that have a direct impact on the tourism industry. Tourism destinations are particularly prone to the consequences of changing circumstances, as they face an increasing number of uncontrollable events. Most local communities are affected on a large scale by the social effects of crises. Also, after the crisis, longterm sustainable reconstruction depends on economic, social, environmental, and local considerations in the recovery strategy. Moreover, communications and tourism leadership are essential in the improvement process. Given this, qualitative research is needed to interpret crises at a deeper level. Several key studies on the process of crisis management and tourismrelated procedures have been conducted in the context of the resilience process. However, there is a need for further research on the relationship between resilience, tourism crisis management, and sustainability, as well as destination development and management from a resilience perspective. In particular, more research is needed to investigate the catastrophic event because it is directly related to the stages of the coping process. The lack of relevant research in the field of tourism has led to the identification of the relationship between crisis management practices and local resilience responses to address the gaps mentioned in the literature. The purpose of interpreting these relationships is to identify how crisis management decisions are made that can affect how the local community (Hamedan city) responds to a natural disaster. The purpose of this study is to interpret the process of resilience in the face of the Covid19 crisis to show the impact on the resilience of the urban community of Hamadan city. However, this research can be done for other tourism destination purposes. This study is guided by the following research questions: • What factors affect the resilience processes of society in the tourism destination (Hamadan city) during the events of the disaster? • How can this crisis management process be managed sustainably in the tourism destination (Hamadan city)?   Methodology The present study is fundamentalapplied in terms of purpose and is considered qualitative with an exploratory orientation. The technique used is grounded theory. In the present study, the statistical population of the study included professors and university experts, tourism business owners, and tourism activists in the private and public sectors in Hamadan city. Sampling was theoretical for 13 people using nonprobabilistic methods of purposive and snowball sampling. Thus, in the fall of 2020, first, according to the researchers' knowledge and considering the research objectives, a semistructured interview was conducted with selected experts who were qualified to answer the questions, and then they introduced other experts to continue sampling. All interviews were recorded and the average interview time was 45 minutes. Thirteen interviews were conducted, but no new concept of data was obtained from the tenth interview. However, to ensure theoretical saturation, three more interviews were conducted, and given that no new concept and class of interview data failed, theoretical saturation was achieved. To analyze the data, the qualitative content analysis method was used and at the same time with data collection, ATLASTI software was exerted. With this description, the way to get the initial codes is such that each interview, after implementing their text, is carefully examined and the main message or key concepts of each phrase are extracted.   Results and discussion The model (framework) of crisis management and community resilience in the tourism destination includes two central categories in the form of twotime frameworks including creating resilience during crisis management and managing the continuous resilience process of the Hamedan tourism community, in which the relevant dimensions (main category) are defined. Dimensions of creating resilience in times of crisis include perceptions of emotions, perceptions of danger and confrontation with it, the ability to adapt to change and innovation, creating a sense of security, sympathy of tourism stakeholders, and media support for tourism. Dimensions of continuous resilience management process related to the resilience of the Hamedan tourism community include tourism insurance coverage, national and local tourism crisis management, development of information and communication technology and communication channels in tourism, content creation and production of tourism knowledge, and learning, and virtual education of tourism. According to the related concepts provided, it can be defined and provided for other tourism purposes.   Conclusion The results of this study argue that interpreting the host community's response to crisis management through resilience allows decisionmakers to fully understand the effects of the Covid19 pandemic crisis on society and the tourism industry. This study proposes an integrated path for crisis management and community resilience in order to manage crises and the sustainability of the tourism community.