تحلیل تاثیر پاندمی کووید 19 بر تخریب خلاق گردشگری از دیدگاه ساکنان مطالعه موردی: بافت تاریخی شهر یزد

با همه‌گیری کووید 19، جهان با چالشی بسیار فراتر از جنگ جهانی دوم روبرو شده است. بحرانی که علاوه بر به خطر انداختن سلامت جامعه، تهدیدی اساسی علیه اقتصاد جهانی است. با گسترش این ویروس و عدم وجود واکسن و داروی مشخص تا زمان انجام پژوهش (آگوست 2020)، بسیاری از کشورها از مداخلات غیر دارویی مانند قرنطینه و اعمال محدودیت‌ها بهره می‌برند. همین موضوع باعث شده تا فشار روانی ناشی از نگرانی ابتلا به بیماری، بحث قرنطینه و تعطیلی برخی از فعالیت‌های اقتصادی نظیر گردشگری، بر عموم مردم افزایش یابد. بدین منظور، ضروری است تا با بهره‌مندی از فرصت‌ها بر تهدیدها غلبه کرده و بتوان اقتصاد جوامع را احیا نمود. یکی از پارادایم‌های کاربردی در این زمینه تخریب خلاق می‌باشد. تخریب خلاق با استفاده از منابع، دانش و مهارت افراد، به اشکال جدیدی از تقاضاها پاسخ گفته و فرصت کارآفرینی خلاق را گسترش می‌دهد. این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و به روش اسنادیپیمایشی صورت گرفته است. جامعه موردمطالعه، ساکنان بافت تاریخی شهر یزد می‌باشد که 308 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه از طریق فرمول کوکران انتخاب‌شده و داده‌های موردنیاز با استفاده از پرسشنامه گردآوری و با استفاده از smart pls مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. با توجه به نتایج، ضریب مسیر 402/0 و ضریب t 621/9 بیانگر تاثیر مثبت و معنادار اضطراب ناشی از پاندمی کرونا بر تخریب خلاق در بافت تاریخی شهر یزد می‌باشد. بر این اساس باوجود پاندمی کووید 19، ساکنان به خاطر اضطراب ناشی از آن سعی در جبران فرصت‌های ازدست‌رفته داشته و در تلاش هستند تا به نحوی با خلاقیت و نوآوری این تهدید را به فرصت تبدیل کرده و فعالیت‌های اقتصادی خود در راستای گردشگری را به شکل جدیدی احیا نمایند.

Analysis of the Effect of the COVID19 Pandemic on the Creative Destruction of Tourism in the from the Perspective of ResidentsCase Study: Historical Texture of City Yazd

Extended Abstract Introduction With the COVID19 pandemic, the world is facing a greater challenge than World War II. With the spread of the virus and the lack of specific vaccines and drugs by the time of the study (August 2020), many countries are benefiting from nonpharmacological interventions such as quarantine and restrictions. This has increased the psychological pressure on people due to fears of illness, the quarantine debate, and the closure of some economic activities, such as tourism. In addition to endangering the health of society, this crisis is a major threat to the global economy. Therefore, it is necessary to take advantage of existing opportunities to overcome threats and to revive the economy of societies. One of the applied paradigms in this field is creative destruction. Creative destruction, using the resources, knowledge and skills of individuals, responds to new forms of demand and expands the opportunities for creative entrepreneurship. This model creatively replaces or combines new technologies with old ones. Accordingly, based on this theory, the role of entrepreneurs is not limited to creating new job opportunities, but with the existing structure, thinking, mobility and culture, engage in creative destruction and with this process, prepare the ground for economic development.   Methodology This research is applied and has been done by survey method. The statistical population includes the adult population (over 20 years) of the historical texture of Yazd and the research period is related to August 2020. According to the population of the study area (37,700 people), the test population is equal to 21,860 people, which based on the Cochran's formula, the number of studied samples was calculated to be 378 people. Due to the special conditions of the society and the existence of restrictions on traffic and social communication, the Internet sampling method has been used. Accordingly, the designed questionnaires were published online and through social networks. Due to the limitations in the field of age of applicants and also incomplete questionnaires, 438 questionnaires were received, which by applying restrictions and random matching based on economic activity, 378 answers were selected for analysis and analyzed in terms of descriptive information in SPSS software. SmartPLS3 was exerted to evaluate the relationship between Corona pandemic anxiety and creative destruction of tourism. The research questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part is related to the Corona Anxiety Scale, with 18 items based on the Likert scale and the other part is related to measuring creative destruction with 21 items. This variable includes two factors: the attitude of the residents and the amount and direction of investments.   Results and discussion Many people have stopped working without prior planning due to the lack of tourists and protection from the Corona virus. This has caused them to suffer a lot of psychological stress. Despite the dangers and effects of this pandemic, these people must overcome the existing conditions with creativity and entrepreneurship and create new ways to earn money from the existing potentials. Based on this, we can consider the anxiety caused by the COVID19 pandemic as a launching pad for creative destruction. For this purpose, the study seeks to assess the significance of the effect of anxiety caused by the corona pandemic on creative destruction. Based on the findings and the designed model, the variable of creative destruction consists of two factors: residents' attitudes toward tourism and the amount and direction of investments in tourism. According to the model, first, the effect of two independent variables on creative degradation is tested, which shows the attitude of residents towards tourism (path coefficient 0.041 and Tvalue 2.072) and the amount and direction of investments (path coefficient 56 0. and Tvalue 17.37) In terms of path coefficient, have a positive effect on creative destruction and have a significant relationship. Therefore, the most important point in relation to creative destruction is to have a positive attitude towards tourism and its effects, and as observed in the results (path coefficient 0.875 and Tvalue 10/107), the same type of attitude increases investment and determines the type of them. But in relation to the main hypothesis of the research, we can point to its proof according to the path coefficient of 0.402 and Tvalue of 9.621 because according to the analysis, the relationship between coronary anxiety and creative destruction in the historical texture of Yazd is meaningful and positive.   Conclusion Accordingly, despite the COVID19 pandemic, residents are trying to make up for lost opportunities due to the anxiety caused by it and are trying to somehow turn this threat into an opportunity with creativity and innovation, and revive their economic activities toward tourism. In such a way that they do not leave their home and place of residence and spend the least money without worrying about the absence of tourists. Those interested in tourism activities can act through virtual tourism as an undeniable part of the online economy. These people can create startup ideas by joining the network of millions in the field of virtual tourism.