الگوی مناسب‌سازی فضاهای گردشگری ویژه معلولین و جانبازان مطالعه موردی: شهر یزد

ثبت جهانی شهر یزد و هویت تاریخی فرهنگی آن، نقطه عطفی برای مدیران شهری و متولیان امر گردشگری بوده که با برنامه‌ریزی‌های صحیح و مناسب‌سازی فضاهای گردشگری در راستای گردشگری پایدار، گردشگران را از تمامی اقشار به این شهر جلب کنند. مناسب‌سازی فضاها به‌ویژه فضاهای گردشگری برای افراد دارای محدودیت‌های حرکتی، نمود تامین عدالت و ایمنی اجتماعی در دسترسی‌هاست. در پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی حاضر، هدف ارائه الگوی مناسب‌سازی فضاهای گردشگری جهت دسترسی معلولین و جانبازان است که برای این منظور از رویکرد استراوس و کوربین در نظریه برخاسته از داده استفاده گردید. جامعه آماری متشکل از خبرگان، فعالان و متخصصین حوزه گردشگری بوده است. حجم نمونه در حین فرایند پژوهش مشخص و از نمونه‌گیری تئوریکی استفاده‌شده است. اشباع نظری تا نمونه 15 تا حدودی شکل گرفت اما روند پژوهش تا 24 ادامه یافت. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار اطلس‌تی‌آی استفاده شد و مدل پارادایمی آن ارائه گردیده است. نتیجه حاصل از این تحقیق ارائه مدلی است که در آن روابط مولفه‌ها و مقوله‌ها با داده‌های فرآیند تحقیق به تصویر کشیده می‌شود و در بسترهای موردنیاز در قالب شرایط زمینه‌ای از قبیل جامعه‌پذیری، نیروی انسانی، دانش فنی و تجارب گردشگری و شرایط مداخله‌گر، راهکارهایی ازجمله مشارکت محوری، عملکردگرایی و ارتباطات بیان می‌گردد. در این بستر چهار دسته از عوامل به ایفای نقش می‌پردازند که عوامل مدیریتی در کنار عوامل ساختاری، فردی و عملکردی در ارتقای وضعیت مناسب‌سازی‌ها تاثیرگذار بوده‌اند. در الگوی مطلوب مناسب‌سازی فضاهای گردشگری بر لزوم توجه جدی‌تر به الگوهای مدیریتی نوین و مشارکتی و لزوم ایفای نقش پررنگ‌تر بخش خصوصی در کنار نقش تسهیلگری دولت تاکید می‌شود. به‌جز نقش حمایتی و نظارتی دولت، باید به عوامل زیرساختی، اقتصادی، آگاهی و شناختی، نگرشی و آموزشی و نیز ویژگی‌های خاص فضاهای گردشگری نیز توجه نمود.

Adjustment Model of Tourism Spaces for Disabled People and Veterans Case Study: Yazd City

Extended AbstractIntroductionAttention to all social groups is one of the essential goals of urban planning. One of the most critical problems in urban areas of the country is their inappropriateness for people with disabilities. This is significant both in the physical and behavioural aspects. We must give the disabled people their rights as minorities in the society, because a city whose actions lead to the limitation of these people is a disabled city. Adjusting spaces, especially tourism spaces, for people with mobility limitations is a manifestation of justice and social security in access. Like many other countries, tourism in our country is a manifestation of cultural identity and one of the most important sources of income. Therefore, the development of this field is of particular importance, especially for a country that faces many problems and issues such as unemployment, limited foreign exchange resources, and a singleproduct economy. According to the economic issues, the development of tourism in Iran and other nonoil exports could be a way out of the economic crisis in our oilbased economy. The global registration of Yazd city and its historical and cultural identity has been a turning point for city managers and those in charge of tourism to attract all tourists to this city with the proper planning. The purpose of this study is to present a model of adjustment of tourism spaces for access of veterans and persons with disabilities, using Strauss and Corbin approach in Grounded theory. MethodologyBased on the Grounded theory, 24 experts, activists, and specialists in the field of tourism and people with relevant knowledge and experience participated in this study. They participated in an unstructured indepth interview. Data obtained from the interview were analyzed using open coding, theoretical coding, and selective coding simultaneously. The focus of this research is tourism spaces in Yazd city. Due to the fact that Yazd’s tourism spaces are influenced by the city’s historical space and cover most of the city’s historical context, the area studied in the present study is the area of valuable historical context. To analyze the data, the software Atlas. Ti was used and its paradigm model was presented. In this software, data analysis is performed at two main levels: text level and conceptual level. The text level includes the segmentation and organization of data files, data coding, and writing notes, while the conceptual level emphasizes modeling activities such as linking code and shaping networks. Results and discussionThe findings showed that the development of accessible tourism could provide the ground for more interaction and communication between the disabled and members of society. According to the research objectives, the central category is the adjustment of tourism spaces to access the disabled and veterans. In this study, the two categories of promoting the international status of tourism and the needs of the community of the disabled and veterans, as causal conditions, have been influential on the desired central phenomenon. After studying the causal conditions, it is necessary to pay attention to the underlying conditions such as psychological, human resources and structure and take the required measures to improve them. It should be noted that when choosing strategies and effective measures in this regard, the intervening conditions such as the role of government, infrastructure barriers, and economic factors must be considered so that planners do not make mistakes in choosing their strategies. Strategies for developing the tourism of the disabled and veterans include central participation, functionalism and communication. The development of this type of tourism can create sustainable employment, encourage entrepreneurs, create a creative and innovative environment, and pave the way for sustainable development and a dynamic community suitable for all persons and promote a culture of social participation and civic pride. In the present study, we develop a theoretical model of research that illustrates the relationships between components and categories with research process data. This type of tourism, like other types of tourism, has its consequences. These include sociocultural, tourism, and economic development. This type of tourism can also have negative effects, which can be minimized with proper management and proper training. ConclusionAccording to the proposed model, it is recommended that we consider the role of different factors in the adjustment of tourism spaces in order to sustainable tourism. By paying enough attention to contextual and interfering factors, the Yazd world registration and its historicalcultural identity have been a turning point for city managers and tourism officials to attract tourists from all groups with the proper planning and adjustment of tourism spaces. Managers and planners in the field of tourism should consider the causal conditions affecting accessible tourism, including the promotion of the international status of tourism and the special needs of the disabled community and veterans because without understanding these conditions properly, it will not be possible to identify the problems and issues related to this field of tourism comprehensively.