تحلیل عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری بافت‌های باارزش تاریخی مطالعه موردی: منطقه 12 تهران

بافت‌های باارزش تاریخی از مهم‌ترین بخش‌های شهری محسوب می‌شوند که نقش کلیدی در هویت یک شهر دارند. به‌علاوه دارای کارکردهای بالقوه اقتصادی و اجتماعی نیز می‌باشند. امروزه، به دلیل رشد سریع شهرنشینی و تغییر کاربری شهرها، این بافت‌ها دچار افول شده‌اند. در این راستا رویکرد گردشگری به‌ویژه گردشگری تاریخی، یکی از رویکردهای موثر در جهت حفظ و احیاء بافت‌های باارزش تاریخی می‌باشد. بر همین اساس، هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی عوامل اصلی موثر بر توسعه گردشگری بافت‌های تاریخی و سپس تحلیل میزان تاثیر هر یک از عوامل بر توسعه گردشگری بافت باارزش تاریخی منطقه 12 تهران می‌باشد. روش تحقیق پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی است و برای شناسایی عوامل اصلی ادبیات پژوهش و مبانی نظری موردبررسی قرار گرفت. در نهایت معیارهای اصلی مطابق با نظرات صاحب‌نظران امر استخراج گردید. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کارشناسان و متخصصان گردشگری و برنامه‌ریزی شهری با توجه به زمینه تخصصی تحقیق است که با استفاده از نرم‌افزار sample power اقدام به برآورد حجم نمونه آماری گردید. سپس برای تحلیل میزان تاثیر هرکدام از عوامل شناسایی‌شده از نرم‌افزار smart pls بهره گرفته شد. در نهایت یافته‌های تحقیق نشان‌دهنده آن است که عوامل امنیت، مدیریت منابع مالی و انسانی و تسهیلات رفاهی به ترتیب بیشترین تاثیر را در زمینه توسعه گردشگری بافت باارزش تاریخی منطقه 12 دارا هستند. نکته حائز اهمیتی که در یافته‌ها به چشم می‌خورد جای‌گیری عامل امنیت در رتبه اول و مهم‌ترین عامل در زمینه موفقیت توسعه گردشگری منطقه است. همچنین عامل تصویر ذهنی در رتبه چهارم و بالاتر از عواملی همچون کیفیت جاذبه‌ها و دسترسی قرار دارد که خود دلالت بر اهمیت ادراکات و برداشت ذهنی از مقصد دارد.

Analysis of Effective Factors on the Tourism Development of Historical Valuable Texture Case study: District 12 of Tehran

Extended abstractIntroduction Urban areas are often considered important tourism destinations due to their historical and cultural attractions. Urban tourism creates a great cultural, social and economic opportunity for the world’s metropolises. Historical and old textures, due to the nostalgic, architectural, cultural and valuable buildings that are symbols of the economic, religious and social conditions of that time, are one of the vital, influential and important urban tourism destination. However, these days, with the growth of urbanization, the land use of these textures has been changed and deteriorated. In this regard, the approach of tourism in the field of reviving the old textures of cities, especially textures that have historical value and identity, has been considered. District 12 of Tehran, has not yet achieved its status as an active, coherent and organized destination, despite the presence of valuable monuments, which play vital role in preserving urban authenticity and identity and also as an important tourism destination and a significant source of income.  In this regard, it is necessary to make special planning. The tourism development approach, as mentioned earlier, provides a beneficial basis for the preservation, revitalization, reconstruction and development of such textures. The same method that has been used in developed countries for many years and to be implemented in our country requires the study and analysis of appropriate effective factors based on the conditions of the region. The main purpose of this study is to identify the main effective factors on the tourism development in historical valuable textures and then analyze each of the factors on the development of tourism in the historical texture of the district 12 of Tehran. Also, as mentioned, the importance and necessity of the research was determined with regard to the current situation of District 12 of Tehran and the need to preserve its valuable historical texture based on a new approach. Therefore, main research questions are as follows:What are the effective factors on the tourism development of historical valuable textures?How is the impact of each factor on tourism development of historical valuable texture of district 12 of Tehran? MethodologyThe present study is an applied and a descriptiveanalytical research in terms of content and methodology. Required information was collected through the library and field method. The statistical population of this study includes tourism and urban planning experts that finally, after sample calculation by Sample Power software, 246 people were identified. Also in order to analyze the extent of impact of each final factors on the dependent variable of tourism development of historical valuable texture, quantitative software SmartPLS has been used. Results and discussion Finally, through reviewing the literature of the research and theoretical foundations, six factors including welfare, access and infrastructure, attraction quality, mental image, financial and human resources management and security have been identified as key components of tourism development of historical valuable textures. Then, the effect of each of these factors has been investigated via the SmartPLS software. According to the results, all 6 factors and their impact on the tourism development of historical valuable texture were significant. According to the path analysis, the safety factor with the path coefficient 0/391, human and financial resources management 0/250, welfare facilities 0/224, mental image 0/177, access and infrastructure 0/141 and attraction quality 0/132 have the most impact on tourism development of historical valuable texture of district 12 of Tehran. ConclusionsFrom the point of view of experts, it is clear that historical valuable contexts play a key and effective role in the identity of a society, city and country. The tourism approach has been considered in the field of reviving historical textures for nearly two decades. The development of tourism not only preserves and revives historical textures, but also leads to economic prosperity and social dynamism in urban centers and historical textures. Accordingly, experts, especially the World Tourism Organization, have proposed standard criteria in the field of effective factors on the tourism development, which have a comprehensive and specialized perspective and can be said only in the light of their realization can expect the development of tourism, especially tourism in historical textures. Based on the results obtained from quantitative analysis in SmartPLS software, it turned out that the security factor was ranked first among the other ones. Also the mental image factor which is one of the distinguishing features of the present study is also ranked fourth and ahead of the two factors of accessibility and quality of attractions, that implies the importance of the cognition and perception of tourists from the region. Therefore, in light of the discussions explained, it can be said that the present study differs from other ones in this regard.