ارزیابی عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری شهر میبد

صنعت گردشگری یکی از پویاترین بخش‌های درحال‌توسعه اقتصاد جهان و عامل مهمی در توسعه اجتماعی و اقتصادی مناطق و کشورها است. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع فوق؛ پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد توصیفی تحلیلی و با بهره‌گیری از مطالعات میدانی و اسنادی باهدف کلی شناسایی و ارزیابی عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری تاریخی فرهنگی در شهر میبد به‌عنوان یکی از قدیمی‌ترین شهرهای ایران با قدمت بیش از 7000 سال گردآوری گردیده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را کارشناسان و متخصصان حوزه گردشگری استان و گردشگران داخلی و خارجی شهر میبد تشکیل می‌دهند که برای جامعه اول به‌منظور شناسایی نماگرهای موثر بر توسعه گردشگری تاریخی فرهنگی علاوه بر مطالعه اسنادی به‌صورت گلوله برفی و هدفمند، 40 نفر از کارشناسان و متخصصان و برای جامعه دوم به‌منظور بررسی میزان اثر هر نماگر و عامل بندی نماگرها 85 گردشگر داخلی و 25 گردشگر خارجی از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی در دسترس انتخاب گردیده است. در این پژوهش جهت تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از یافته‌های کیفی (تحلیل محتوای مصاحبه‌ها در نرم‌افزار تحلیل کیفی مکس کیودا) و کمی (تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و آزمون آماری t تک نمونه‌ای) استفاده گردیده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد 30 نماگر در قالب 5 عامل در منطقه موردمطالعه موثر بر توسعه گردشگری تاریخی فرهنگی بوده است که از میان عامل‌های بارگذاری شده، عامل موقعیت نسبی و تاریخی شهر میبد با 5 نماگر و مقدار ویژه 7.652 درصد واریانس 25.508 مهم‌ترین عامل و عامل طبیعی و اقلیمی با 3 نماگر و مقدار ویژه 1.931 و درصد واریانس 10.435 کم‌اهمیت‌ترین عامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری تاریخی فرهنگی در منطقه بوده است.

Evaluation of Effective Factors on tourism development of Meybod

Extended AbstractIntroductionThese days, tourism is becoming one of the main foundations of the world’s commercial economy and many planners refer to it as the principle basis of development that anywhere in the world, requires special conditions and facilities such as climate, historical and cultural monuments, natural attractions, customs and traditions, infrastructure, facilities and equipment. Meybod is one of the oldest cities in Yazd province that has magnificent historical attractions in Sassanid to Pahlavi different periods, and even traces of the Medes have been discovered in it. On the other hand, Meybod has the best position among the cities of Yazd province in terms of historical texture health. The buildings such as Narin Castle, Shah Abbasi Caravanserai, water reservoirs, brickshaped glaciers and many other samples that have high historical and cultural values and also according to the flow of life in the historical texture have made it as a unique one. Therefore, based on the attractiveness of Meybod in terms of tourism, this research has identified and evaluated the effective factors on the cultural historical tourism development of Meybod. MethodologyThe present research is applied and descriptiveanalytical one in terms of nature and method, respectively. Also the data have been provided through library and field resources (questionnaire). In addition, the collection of theoretical foundations and the generalization of results have been by deductive and inductive methods, respectively. The statistical population of the study includes domestic and foreign tourists of Meybod that due to the uncertainty of the exact number of tourists, accessible random sampling has been used in a way that 85 people have been selected from the community of domestic tourists and 25 people from the community of foreign ones. In this research, mixed sampling method that includes the combination of both quantitative and qualitative sampling methods has been used. The aim of quantitative sampling is to has a visible and representative sample of the statistical population and the purpose of qualitative sampling is purposeful. For this intention, purposeful and snowball sampling methods have been used to determine the samples of the qualitative part in order to identify effective indicators on the development of historical and cultural tourism in Meybod. In addition, the sampling and collection of information were based on data saturation (unifying the information provided by the interviewees). At this step, the data have been unified and saturated, after interviewing 40 experts, specialists and professors in the field of Yazd province tourism, and especially in Meybod. As mentioned, samples of the quantitative research have been complied of domestic and foreign tourists of Meybod that have been selected by simple random sampling. The data have been analyzed in both qualitative and quantitative sections. In the qualitative part, the coding of the interviews was performed by the MAXQDA software and based on the coding; the effective indicators have been identified. In the quantitative segment of the research, exploratory factor analysis has been used in order to factorize and reduce the indicators. It should be noted that Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure the reliability of the research tool. Its coefficient was 0.720 that based on the assumptions of the test, indicates the reliability of the research tool. Results and Discussions The research findings were presented in both quantitative and quantitative sections. In the following, while presenting the individual characteristics of the statistical community, each section is exposure separately. Individual characteristics of the statistical population of domestic tourists show that 44.70% of the total statistical population were in the age group of 2029 years that includes the highest frequency of sample tourists and the age group over 50 has the lowest number of sample tourists and equivalent to 1.17%. Accordingly, out of a total of 25 foreign tourists in the culturalhistorical tourism sample of Meybod, 2 people equal to 8%, are in the age group of 2029 years that includes the lowest frequency of sample tourists and the age group over 50 has the highest number of sample tourists that equivalent to 76 percent. Also, according to the statistical population, 40% of domestic and foreign tourists were male and 60% were female. Of the total number of domestic sample tourists, the highest and lowest percentage were equal to 27.05% with a bachelor’s degree and 3.52% with a doctorate one. ConclusionThe historical and ancient Meybod city attracts a large number of domestic and foreign tourists annually due to its historical, cultural and religious monuments and environmental features and in terms of attracting historical and cultural tourists, it has great potential and has always been considered. Due to the existing conditions and facilities and their importance in attracting more domestic and foreign tourists; the research was collected with the general aim of identifying and evaluating the effective factors on the development of culturalhistorical tourism of Meybod. The results of the research were presented in both qualitative and quantitative sections. Based on the opinion of informants and the tourists, the location of Meybod, the 7000year history of it, the multiplicity of historical and valuable monuments in the region, proximity to the demographic  Yazd city and historical and unique texture in the form of relative location and historical factor more than facilitiesservices and infrastructures, institutionaldirectorial, social security and natural climatic elements have been effective on the development of culturalhistorical tourism of Meybod. According to the interviews with the statistical population, most tourists consider the historical, ancient antiquity and also the proximity to Yazd city as the main factors in attracting the tourists and also they have expressed that the proximity of Meybod to the population center of Yazd has made it convenient to access through travel and tourism tours. In addition, the short distance between Meybod and Yazd eliminates the weakness of many infrastructures such as residential and reception infrastructure. Because; tourists can benefit from the accommodation and catering facilities of Yazd by passing a short distance. In the second place of impressment, tourists have situated the facilitiesservices and infrastructures factors. This issue firstly indicates the tourist’s relative satisfaction with the facilities and urban infrastructures of Meybod and secondly shows the importance of this factor in the programs of culturalhistorical tourism development of Meybod.