ارزیابی توزیع فضایی زیر ساخت های اولیه گردشگری با تاکید بر تحرک محورگردشگری_تاریخی در محدوده بافت تاریخی –فرهنگی شهر ارومیه

گردشگری پدیده مهم قرن بیستم است که در چارچوب الگوهای فضایی خاصی عمل می‌کند. یکی از این الگوهای فضایی گردشگری شهری است. چگونگی پراکنش و توزیع فضایی زیرساخت‌های گردشگری در شهر، موجب تقویت تحرک گردشگر در این الگوی فضایی می‌شود. به صورتی که تحرک گردشگری، نقشی اساسی در پیش‌بینی مسیر احتمالی تحرکات گردشگران، مدیریت و طراحی مقصد، برنامه‌ریزی سفر و بازاریابی جاذبه‌ها دارد. هدف پژوهش حاضر سنجش و ارزیابی توزیع فضایی زیرساخت‌های اولیه با توجه به تحرک محور گردشگری تاریخی می‌باشد. این پژوهش با کاربست روش توصیفیتحلیلی بر آن است که با استفاده از روش مبتنی بر سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی gis و تحلیل تصمیم‌گیری چند معیارِ فازی fuzzy به تجزیه‌وتحلیل تحرک گردشگران در بافت تاریخی ارومیه پرداخته و اهمیت اثرات فضایی زیرساخت‌های گردشگری را جهت تقویت تحرک گردشگران، برجسته نماید. شاخص‌های کمی نشان‌دهنده وضعیت متعادل و مطلوب الگوی پراکنش زیرساخت‌ها در هسته تاریخی شهر می‌باشند، چراکه زیرساخت‌های گردشگری در محدوده خیابان امام که مرکز اصلی محور گردشگریتاریخی شهر است، متمرکزشده‌اند. همچنین با استفاده از اطلاعات موجود می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که اماکن تاریخی، مراکز تجاری_ خدماتی و هتل‌ها، بیشترین تاثیر را در تحقق تحرک پذیری گردشگران در این محور داشته‌اند. طی این تحقیق، فرضیه پژوهش، مبنی بر توزیع مناسب و متوازن زیرساخت‌های گردشگری در بافت مرکزی شهر ارومیه، مورد اثبات و تایید قرار می‌گیرد.

Evaluation of spatial distribution of tourism primary infrastructures with emphasis on mobility of historical tourism axis within the historicalcultural context of Urmia city

Introduction Tourism is an important phenomenon of the twentieth century, that operates within the framework of specific spatial patterns. One of these spatial patterns is the urban tourism. Quality of the spatial distribution of tourism infrastructure in the city strengthens the tourist mobility in this spatial pattern. As such, tourism mobility plays a key role in predicting the potential route of tourist movements, destination management and design, travel planning and attraction marketing. So far, several studies have been conducted on spatial analysis of tourist attractions, infrastructures and distribution of services in urban areas. The disproportionate distribution of infrastructure and ranking of tourism services are among the fundamental and obvious shortcomings that tangible in many tourism industry development studies and plans in our country. Therefore, in the present study, according to the principles of strengthening the capacity of accommodation facilities, tourism infrastructures and relatively regular spatial distribution of natural and historicalcultural elements, the methods of strengthening tourism mobility and tourist presence in the city are explained, Because analysis of the distribution, proper location of the infrastructures in this part of the cities is one of the basic decisions in the process of urban settlements development planning. Although Urmia city is rich in terms of antiquity, the multiplicity of historical monuments and cultural heritage, it still faces problems such as the concentration of servicetourism units and the lack of a motile and historical tourism axis. It should also be noted that, despite of Urmia’s long history due to various factors throughout history, has preserved relatively few monuments. However, these artifacts are valuable and require physical and functional protection to preserve the city’s historical identity, and at the same time can play an important role in attracting tourists to this cultural, historical and religious city. Therefore, according to the purpose of this research, the distribution of different tourism infrastructures in this location had a high priority. On the other hand, considering that no research has been done yet in terms of the evaluation of tourism infrastructure based on the mobility of tourists in Urmia; so, addressing this issue may reveal new aspects of Urmia tourism and become helpful for tourism development of the city. Methodology the research method is descriptiveanalytical according to the nature of the subject and the objectives and in order to collect data, field and library method were used. At first, descriptive method, geographical information system and ARCGIS software are used to distribute the spatial structure of tourism infrastructure for more mobility of tourists that all of these factors can lead to strengthen the mobility of tourists in the ancient and valuable texture of Urmia. Factors, indicators, criteria and other analysis conditions of tourism infrastructures as well as maps related to effective human factors (accessibility, shopping centers, souvenir centers, hotels, restaurants, historical –commercialservice centers of the old bazaar of Urmia and proximity to historical monuments), has been used in the form of spatial and nonspatial information during the process of data collecting. After data collecting and identifying the main factors and indicators affecting tourism infrastructure, the FAHP model is applied to the criteria and the results of the model are analyzed by ARCGIS software and then the sites have been prioritized by combining the study area maps. Finally, the field parts detailed on the relevant sites. Results and discussion Generally, the process is done in three stages. At the first step, according to the criteria specified for the analysis of tourism infrastructures in the region no.4 (old texture) of Urmia city, each of the criteria and subcriteria has been evaluated and weighted. At the second step, the final weight is applied to the criteria and combined with the fuzzy layers. Since each layer of information is not of the equal value and the extent effectiveness of the layers on the final response is not the same, the evaluation step must be performed before the information integration, which is referred as the weighting of the information. Finally, the results of the model and the spatial information collected by the ARCGIS software have been analyzed and then by combining maps of the study area, different sites were prioritized, which eventually led to the segmentation of the relevant sites and in the following, existing zoning parts have been obtained in two quite appropriate and appropriate classes; within the urban historical texture of Urmia. The quantitative indicators represent proportional spatial distribution of tourism infrastructures (hotels, restaurants, shopping centers and souvenir shops, and access hierarchy) at the core of the city’s historical texture, as tourism infrastructures have been concentrated within the Imam Street area, which in fact is the main center of historical tourism. With the increase of the distance from the historicaltourism axis of Imam Street, the disproportionate distribution of spatial structure has become more unbalanced and the location of the existing infrastructures in the field of optimal location in this axis. In such a way that the more appropriate location of the infrastructure than other areas of the city has led to their compatibility with the adjacent landings located on the main axis of Imam Street, which creates a continuous axis around the street. Conclusion The results show that despite the standardization of infrastructure zoning in the core of the historical context of the city (the area of Imam Street, which is actually the main center and historical tourism axis), this area does not have a desirable tourism flourish. In addition, the results indicate that tourism development is a multifaceted subject and several other factors, regardless of the components of the study, are effective in the prosperity of tourism. The notable point in this study is the emphasize on the importance of recognizing the primary and secondary elements of tourism in relation to its mobility with the focus on historical tourism. Also it can be concluded from the available information that historical sites, shopping malls and hotels have had the greatest impact on the realization of tourist mobility in this area.