نگرشی بر قابلیت های سیستم تله‌متری و اسکادا در سامانه های آبیاری تحت‌فشار

امروزه با توجه توسعه روز افزون اجرای سامانه‌های آبیاری مکانیزه در سطح کشور، در برخی موارد این نوع سامانه‌ها به دلایل فنی و اجتماعی پاسخگوی نیاز بهره‌برداران نبوده و نیاز به توسعه سامانه‌های آبیاری دارای انعطاف‌پذیری بالا و تغییر نگرش در شیوه بهره‌برداری سامانه‌های آبیاری مکانیزه بیش از پیش مشهود است. در این راستا استفاده از قابلیت‌های سامانه‌های خودکار و اعمال فرآیندهای ‌کنترلی، در کنار اجرای سامانه‌های آبیاری تحت‌فشار امری ضرور می‌نماید. از میان سیستم‌های اتوماسیون مورد استفاده در سامانه‌های آبیاری تحت فشار، سیستم‌های scada از آنجایی که دارای ساختار نرم‌افزاری و سخت‌افزاری متنوعی است می‌تواند بعنوان ابزار مناسبی به‌منظور افزایش انعطاف‌پذیری، پایش بهنگام عملکرد و مدیریت بهره‌ور یک سامانه‌های آبیاری مطرح گردد به نحوی که در طیف وسیعی از شرایط مختلف بهره‌برداری سامانه آبیاری کارایی داشته و منجر به ارتقاء قابلیت‌های بهره‌برداری یک سامانه‌های آبیاری شود. قابلیت و کارایی این سیستم‌ها با توسعه سامانه‌های آبیاری تجمیعی و الزامات بهره برداری مرتبط با این نوع سامانه‌ها، امروزه بیش از پیش مشهود می باشد. نوشتار ترویجی حاضر با هدف بررسی قابلیت‌ها، مزایا و محدودیت‌های سیستم تله‌متری و scada در سامانه‌های آبیاری تحت‌فشار انجام گرفته تا کارشناسان، بهره‌برداران، کشاورزان و مروجین به بخشی از قابلیت‌های اثر بخش این نوع سامانه‌ها آگاهی یافته و بر اساس یک شناخت جامع، تصمیم‌گیری نمایند.

an overview of the capabilities of telemetry and scada systems in pressurized irrigation systems

introduction today, due to the increasing development of mechanized irrigation systems in the iran, in some cases, this type of systems do not meet the demands of users because of technical and social reason. therefore, the need to develop such systems with higher flexibility along with changing the attitudes of the users of mechanized irrigation systems are more obvious than ever. in this regard, using the capabilities of automated systems and applying control processes, along with the implementation of pressurized irrigation systems is essential. among the automation systems used in pressurized irrigation systems, scada systems, as they have a variety of software and hardware structures, can be used as a suitable tool to increase flexibility, timely monitoring and productive management of a system. irrigation should be proposed in such a way that it is efficient in a wide range of different operating conditions of the irrigation system and leads to the improvement of the operational capabilities of an irrigation system. the capability and efficiency of these systems with the development of integrated irrigation systems and operating requirements related to this type of systems, is more evident today. the present promotional article aims to investigate the capabilities, advantages and limitations of telemetry and scada systems in pressurized irrigation systems so that experts, operators, farmers and promoters are aware of some of the effective capabilities of this type of systems and make decisions based on a comprehensive understanding.methodology one of the most important goals of implementing intelligent irrigation systems is to improve the ability to manage irrigation water optimally at the farm or garden level. intelligent irrigation systems generally collect sensor information and manage irrigation based on user-defined commands. in other words, intelligent irrigation systems can determine the time and amount of irrigation at defined times or at their own discretion (based on environmental information they obtain from various sensors). based on their software and hardware capabilities, these systems can affect different time, place, plant growth period, quantitative and qualitative changes of water resources and energy consumption in the irrigation management process. establish other necessary connections between different equipment’s of irrigation units, including wells, pumping stations and central control station. automation of intelligent irrigation systems is one of the most important tools that can improve the operational capabilities of an intelligent system. in automated systems with the installation of control and communication equipment, agricultural or horticultural parameters along with hydraulic network information and meteorological parameters are instantly monitored and software set based on control algorithms and timely information, orders appropriate to the current interest situation. export’s system removal.automation mechanized irrigation systems in three main steps including plant water requirement and the timing of irrigation, automation pipeline distribution network to control and automate the flow of water pumping and filtration stations, can improve productivity and increase a mechanized irrigation system its flexibility can be exploited under variable conditions .it is important to note that automated systems not only open or close valves, but also the ability to comprehensively control an irrigation system such as energy management, pump operation control, registration of operation information and data, fertilizer injection operation and filter washing will also have. in advanced automated systems, direct field data such as flow rate, pressure, wind speed, soil moisture, and phenological growth indices are also collected and recorded. in addition, capabilities such as defining the water supply system in integrated pressure irrigation networks, the ability to automatically troubleshoot the system, applying variable rate irrigation at the land level, etc. can be implemented from the implementation of an irrigation system.results and discussion variable pressure operation of the irrigation system according to cropping patterns, changes in water demand, temperature and precipitation in different years of operation, the area of land in operation, changes in water demand during the growing season, the mismatch between the hours of irrigation cultures, different number of sprinklers activated is part of the technical problems in the operation of mechanized irrigation systems. in most irrigation systems, the control of system performance in these conditions is manual and non-continuous. the inflexibility of the system in the changing operating conditions will reduce the efficiency of the system, increase water and energy losses, increase damage to equipment and reduce their useful life. in this regard, any process that leads to the adaptation of the operating conditions of the system to environmental factors, will increase the efficiency of the system and reduce water and energy losses during the operation period. an automated system makes it possible to plan a programmable, flexible, and compatible operation that is very close to optimal operation. conclusionswith the increasing development of pressurized irrigation systems in the country, in some lands, the need to implement automation systems is essential. therefore, it is necessary in some cases, such as the implementation of integrated irrigation systems, irrigation systems in large areas or the existence of some technical limitations for the operation of the system, such as wind problems, low quality irrigation water or slope lands, there is a need for more flexibility in the operating conditions of the system. accordingly, in some cases, it is necessary to manage the system from the mechanized method to the automated method, and in its operation, arrangements should be made for the implementation of instrumentation systems. an automated system makes it possible to plan a programmable, flexible and adaptable operation. therefore, from the managerial point of view, the implementation of irrigation systems seems to be under pressure. the capabilities of control systems (such as scada) should be considered and appropriate technical instructions should be developed as in other sectors (industry, water and wastewater facilities, etc.). in this research, an attempt has been made to examine and analyze some capabilities and limitations of telemetry and scada systems only from an expert point of view. however, it is important to note that in choosing a suitable irrigation method, more attention should be paid to other environmental factors such as social issues, telecommunication constraints, problems in supplying inputs and machinery, exploitation issues and the presence of specialized personnel. these factors may in some areas cause limitations or requirements in the implementation of an automation method.