واحدهای هیدرولیک، مبنایی مناسب برای تقسیمات سیاسی-اداری و برنامه‌ریزی مکانی-فضایی (مطالعه موردی حوضه آبریز کرخه)

ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰی ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ و ﮐﻼن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻫﺎی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ - ﻗﺮاردادی در ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻢ آب اﯾﺮان، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﯽ ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدی ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻋﺪﯾﺪهای را ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آورده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮدن ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب و واﺣﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰی ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﺮای ﺳﻄﻮح ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰی از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺪاﻧﺎن ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ-ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ و ﻋﺒﻮر از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﻠﯽ -ﺑﺨﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ ؛ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﻈﺮی و از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ و روش، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﻮردی ﯾﺎ ژرﻓﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﻗﯿﺎس و اﺳﺘﻘﺮاء( اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ ﻗﯿﺎس و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺑﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺳﻨﺎدی و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﺘﻘﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﯾﺰ ﮐﺮﺧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ، ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار arc gis اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮد زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺸﺨﺺ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻫﺎی آﺑﺮﯾﺰ و ارﺗﺒﺎط آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﺮز زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﯾﺰ و ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﯾﺰ ﮐﺮﺧﻪ را ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻟﮏ زﺑﺎﻧﺎن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﯾﺰ ﮐﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. زﯾﺮا ﻫﻤﮕﻨﯽ (ﻧﺴﺒﯽ) در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ- اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و ﻫﻤﮕﺮاﯾﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ درون ﻗﻠﻤﺮوی و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎی ﺷﻬﺮی روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﯾﺰ ﮐﺮﺧﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ را ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.

Hydraulic units, a suitable basis for politicaladministrative divisions and spatial planning (Case study: Karkheh Basin)

In Iran, which is a waterscarce country, planning is centralized and largescale based on politicalcontractual boundaries. This has led to the degradation of the functional levels of the land and has caused numerous problems. Therefore, finding the optimal geographical context and efficient planning unit for the lower levels has always been the focus of planning scholars including geographers. The purpose of this study is to propose a basis for the political division of space for spatial planning and transition from centralized nationalsectoral planning. This research is theoretical and in terms of nature and method, it is a deep descriptiveanalytical case study. The present study, with a combined approach (analogy and deduction), firstly, by analogy and logical analysis, evaluates the status quo using documentary study. Then, it studies inductively the Karkheh catchment as a spatial domain of research in order to explain an alternative pattern. Analyzes were performed using Arc GIS software. New theories of development, especially the theory of bioregionalism, emphasize ecological factors in the designation of biological areas. The ecological implications of these theories have been specifically introduced through catchments and their relationship to communities. The findings of the study identified the catchment as a bioregional boundary and considered the Karkheh catchment to be compatible with the Lak spoken area. The results show that Karkheh catchment can be a suitable spatial planning unit for the study area. The relative homogeneity in the structure of naturalecological, social, cultural, economic, and spatial convergence within the territory as well as the adaptation of rural and urban settlements to the Karkhe catchment branches confirms this result.