جنگ معاهدات (سیاست انگلستان برای مهار امرای افغان و شاهان قاجار)

سرزمین وسیع هندوستان مهم‌ترین  مستعمره انگلستان در سده بیستم در معرض توجه سایر دول استعماری قرار داشت و برخی از آنها مانند فرانسه و روسیه تلاش داشتند تا از طریق مرزهای زمینی در ایران و افغانستان به این منطقه نفوذ کنند. ازاین‌رو، انگلیس در ایران و افغانستان نفوذ کرد تا علاوه بر حفظ هندوستان، امتیازهای جدیدی در این مناطق به‌دست آورد. یکی از سیاست‌های انگلیسی‌ها برای برقراری ارتباط با شاهان قاجار و امرای افغان، انعقاد معاهدات بود. پژوهش تاریخی حاضر با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و گردآوری داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای به‌دنبال بررسی و شناسایی این معاهدات و تحلیل مفاد و نتایج آنها است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که انگلیس با انعقاد این معاهدات از قاجاریه علیه امرای افغان و از امرای افغان علیه قاجاریه استفاده می‌کرد. در واقع انگلیس با برقراری معاهدات، زمینه اتحاد و همکاری میان شاهان قاجاری و امرای افغان علیه نفوذ انگلیس در دو منطقه را خنثی کرد،  در حالی که زمامداران قاجاری و امرای افغان با کنار نهادن اختلاف‌ها می‌توانستند همانند سدی در مقابل تکاپوهای انگلستان عمل کنند.

war of the treaties: england’s policy of restraining afghan princes and qajar kings

the vast land of india, the most important british colony in the twentieth century, was subject to the attention of other colonial countries, and some of them, such as france and russia, tried to penetrate this region through land borders in iran and afghanistan. therefore, the british penetrated into iran and afghanistan in order to gain new privileges in these areas in addition to preserving india. one of the policies of the british to communicate with the qajar kings and afghan rulers was to conclude treaties. the current historical research seeks to investigate and identify these treaties and analyze their provisions and results through descriptive-analytical method and collecting library data. the findings show that by concluding these treaties, england used qajars against afghan rulers and afghan rulers against qajars. in fact, england neutralized against british influence in the two regions by these treaties. while the governors the field of alliance and cooperation between qajar kings and afghan rulers could act as a barrier against british activities by putting their struggles aside.the vast land of india, the most important british colony in the twentieth century, was subject to the attention of other colonial countries, and some of them, such as france and russia, tried to penetrate this region through land borders in iran and afghanistan. therefore, the british penetrated into iran and afghanistan in order to gain new privileges in these areas in addition to preserving india. one of the policies of the british to communicate with the qajar kings and afghan rulers was to conclude treaties. the current historical research seeks to investigate and identify these treaties and analyze their provisions and results through descriptive-analytical method and collecting library data. the findings show that by concluding these treaties, england used qajars against afghan rulers and afghan rulers against qajars. in fact, england neutralized against british influence in the two regions by these treaties. while the governors the field of alliance and cooperation between qajar kings and afghan rulers could act as a barrier against british activities by putting their struggles aside.