hygro-thermo-mechanical bending of symmetric and asymmetric fgm sandwich plates with/without middle core resting on pasternak foundation

The bending of sandwich plates made of functionally graded material (fgm) that are supported by variable two-parameter elastic foundations under hygro-thermo-mechanical loads is covered in this paper. this study’s methodology was based on refined trigonometric shear deformable plate theory (rtsdt) and four-variable refined plate theory. the governing equation was then obtained by introducing the virtual work principle and solving it using a navier solution. we evaluated our intriguing results with several models found in the literature after we had obtained them. lastly, we talked about the influence of the elastic foundation parameters, the plate aspect ratio, the power-law index, temperature and moisture differential, and the layer thickness ratio on symmetrical and asymmetrical plates, with or without a middle core.