comparative investigation of deflection in a two-directional functionally graded porous curved and straight beams adapting unified shear deformation theory

Functionally graded (fg) materials exhibit spatial variations in composition and structure, which enhance their performance under mechanical loads by tailoring material properties such as modulus of elasticity and density along the beam’s length or thickness. this study presents a comparative analysis of the deflection behaviors of two-directional functionally graded porous beam, specifically focusing on circular and straight beams. curved and straight beams are modeled and assessed under simply supported (ss), clamped (cc) and clamped simply supported (cs) boundary conditions with a mechanical load. the analysis involves deriving deflection equations considering the graded material properties, which vary according to a power-law distribution, adapting unified shear deformation theory (usdt), potential energy, neutral surface concept for better accuracy.