بازپژوهی نظریه فقهی نفی عدالت از مخالفان مذهبی و رمی آنان به فسق

مشهور فقهای امامیه، تحقّق عدالت شرعی در مخالفان مذهبی را به دلیل انحراف از مذهب حق منتفی دانسته و به فسق آنان حکم کرده اند، ولی شماری از فقیهان، نفی عدالت از مخالفان و رمی آنان به فسق را منوط به موردی دانسته اند که مخالفت‌شان با مذهب حق عامدانه و عالمانه باشد و به تقصیر ایشان مستند شود. پژوهش حاضر پس از بررسی تحلیلی مفهوم عدل و فسق، ادله دال بر فسق همه مخالفان را مورد نقد قرار داده و با تبیین دلایل معتبر بر امکان تحقق عدالت در عموم مسلمانان، دیدگاه فقیهانی که فسق مخالفان را به حالت علم و آگاهی آنان از مرام حق و ستیز عامدانه با آن اختصاص داده اند، تقویت نموده است. بر این اساس، مقتضای اصول لفظی و عملی در فرض شکِ در صدق عنوانِ فاسق بر مصادیق خارجی مخالفان، انطباق عنوان عادل بر آن هاست.

A Research on the jurisprudential Theory of Justice Negation of the Religious Dissents and Attacking them to Corruption

A Research on the jurisprudential Theory of Justice Negation of the Religious Dissents and Attacking them to Corruption[1] Sayyed Mahdi Marvian Hosseini[2] Muhammad Taqi Fakhlayee [3] Sayyed Muhammad Taqi Qabouli Dorafshan[4] Abstract The majority of Imamiyah jurisprudents negate the administration of justice for religious dissents for their dissent from the right religion and have ruled to their corruption. Amongst them, a number of jurisprudents believe in the negation of justice from these dissents and have attacked them to corruption subject to the cases where their dissent to the right religion is intentional and knowingly and their guilt is presumed and documented. Having investigated the concepts of truth and corruption, the researchers of this research have criticized the reasons indicating the dissents’ corruption and have stated convincing reasons in the feasibility of justice administration in the Muslim public community. Furthermore, the attitude of the jurisprudents who believe in the dissents’ corruption is supported. Accordingly, the requirements for verbal and practical principles in case of any doubts in the applicability of corrupt title to their external cases mean that they are just. [1] Received in: 7/10/2018                                   Accepted in:  4/5/2019     (Extracted from Thesis) [2] PhD Candidate of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Email: marvian.am@gmail.com [3]  Professor of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (Corresponding Author). Email: fakhlaei@um.ac.ir.  [4] Associate Professor of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (Corresponding Author). Email: ghabooli@um.ac.ir