third ventricle anaplastic oligodendroglioma: a case report

Background and importance: anaplastic oligodendroglioma (odg) constitutes 24% of allpediatric odg. the mean age of presentation of odg is 12±6 years. they are most commonin frontal and temporal lobes; however, rare cases of intraventricular odgs are reported.most commonly they arise from the anterior part of lateral ventricles. third ventricle odg isextremely rare and only a few cases of lateral and third ventricle anaplastic odg are reported.odgs infiltrate locally to meninges and rarely have leptomeningeal spread. thus, odg formsa differential diagnosis of pediatric intraventricular tumor.case presentation: here we present a case of a 15-month-old male child with raised intracranialpressure due to obstructive hydrocephalus. the patient was detected to be covid-19 rt–pcr (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) positive in the preoperative periodand underwent emergency right-sided ventriculo peritoneal (vp) shunt. his contrast mri(magnetic resonance imaging) brain showed a 50×24×39 mm heterogeneously enhancingmass epicenter at third ventricle and extending to lateral and fourth ventricle with spinal dropmetastasis. preoperative differential diagnosis of ependymoma was made and definitivesurgery was done once the child recovered from covid-19. however, his biopsy specimenpathology and immunohistochemistry (ihc) were suggestive of anaplastic oligodendrogliomasand the child responded well to chemotherapy.conclusion: intraventricular odg is an extremely rare pediatric tumor. patients usuallypresent with obstructive hydrocephalus. contrast mri findings are nonspecific and help indetecting leptomeningeal spread to the spine. ihc and chromosomal analysis are importantdiagnostic and treatment prognostication tools. these tumors have a high recurrence andpoor prognosis despite gross total resection.