طراحی و اعتبار سنجی الگوی آموزش خواندن در فضای مجازی مبتنی بر تعامل معلم - دانش ‌آموز و والد - کودک برای دوره ابتدایی

این پژوهش با هدف طراحی و اعتبارسنجی الگوی آموزش خواندن در فضای مجازی انجام ‌شده است. جهت طراحی الگو از روش کیفی با مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات پژوهشی و جهت اعتبار سنجی از روش پیمایشی استفاده گردید. جامعه آماری این تحقیق جهت طراحی الگوی آموزشی شامل تمامی کتاب‌ها، مقالات پژوهشی، پایان‌نامه‌ها و منابع اطلاعاتی اینترنتی درزمینه آموزش خواندن با توجه به فضای مجازی و تعاملات معلم- دانش‌آموز و والد- کودک بود؛ جامعه آماری جهت اعتبارسنجی الگو، متخصصان رشته‌های روانشناسی تربیتی، برنامه‌ریزی درسی، فنّاوری آموزشی، و نیز مدرسان و معلمان آموزش خواندن بودند که 15 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها یک پرسشنامه 8 سوالی در مقیاس لیکرت بود. بر اساس یافته‌های این مطالعه، الگوی مفهومی با چهار عنصر اصلی شامل برنامه درسی خواندن، راهبردهای آموزشی، فناوری و تعاملات انسانی جهت طراحی الگوی پیشنهادی آموزش خواندن تعیین شد. همچنین، طراحی الگوی روندی در هشت مرحله شامل 1) پیش‌خوانی 2) زوج خوانی 3) آموزش راهبردها 4) تمرین راهبردها 5) بازخوانی 6) مرور راهبردها 7) روان‌خوانی 8) ارزیابی صورت گرفت. یافته‌های اعتبار سنجی نشان داد که الگوی پیشنهادی آموزش خواندن ازنظر متخصصان و معلمان دارای اعتبار مناسب است. درنتیجه می‌توان بر اساس نظر متخصصان از این الگوی هشت مرحله‌ای آموزش خواندن برای طراحی و آموزش خواندن در فضای مجازی مبتنی بر تعامل معلم-دانش‌آموز و والد-کودک در دوره ابتدایی بهره گرفت.

design and validate the model of reading education in virtual space based on teacher-student and parent-child interaction for elementary school

teaching reading learning skills is one of the important and prominent curriculum in schools, especially in elementary school. the goals of reading education include fluency, reading comprehension and word learning. fluency is the ability to read text according to its content, read prose and poetry with appropriate tone and music. reading comprehension is the ability to understand the explicit and implicit information of the text, to integrate and interpret the information of the text. also, the purpose of vocabulary learning is to regularize students’ basic words and expand children’s vocabulary. expanding students’ vocabulary helps in reading and listening comprehension as well as speaking and writing (sheldareh et al., 2017).the epidemic of the corona virus and the closure of schools forced the educational system, teachers and families into new conditions of education, i.e. virtual education. mandatory virtual education and changing the location of education from school to home forced administrators and teachers to design and predict educational programs, teaching methods, and the activities and interactions of administrators, teachers, students, and parents virtually. the process of teaching and learning in the classroom is accompanied by human interactions. teacher-student relationships are the main part of teaching and learning. it is obvious that students need their teachers in many learning environments (reilly, 2009). parental involvement is any interaction between a child and a parent that may contribute to the child’s development with the parent’s direct participation in the child’s school affairs and make him/her interested in school (dumont et al., 2014). in this research, parent-child interactions in academic matters, especially reading education, have been investigated in researches related to the role of parents regarding educational goals, monitoring learning and doing homework.the main goal of the current research is to design and validate a suitable model of teaching reading in virtual space based on parent-child and teacher-student interaction in the elementary school. to design and validate the proposed reading teaching model, two questions are answered. first question, what elements is the proposed model of reading education based on parent-child and teacher-student interaction in the virtual space designed? and the second question, is this proposed model of reading education valid from the point of view of experts and teachers?to design the model, a qualitative method was used with a systematic review of the research literature, and a survey method was used for validation. the statistical population of this research for the design of the educational model includes all books, research articles, dissertations and internet information sources in the field of reading education with regard to the virtual space and teacher-student and parent-child interactions, and the statistical population for the validation of the model is educational psychology specialists, curriculum planning, educational technology and teachers of reading education were selected as a sample of 15 people. the data collection tool was a questionnaire and an 8-question questionnaire made by the researcher on a likert scale.the findings of the research question about the main elements of the reading teaching model led to the formulation of a conceptual model of the main elements of the research model. based on the findings of this study, a conceptual model with four main elements including reading curriculum, educational strategies, technology and human interactions was determined. reading curriculum elements include objectives, content, assignments, and assessment. the main goals of the primary school persian book in farsi reading include vocabulary learning, fluent reading and comprehension. to increase reading skills, teachers use classroom and home assignments such as reading practice and vocabulary learning.