تجلی اراده‌مندی سایبورگ از منظر وربیک مطالعه موردی: چیدمان تعاملی باغ نور

اراده‌مندی در گذشته به‌عنوان معیاری برای تمییز انسان از غیرانسان به‌کار می‌رفت و این توانمندی صرفاً مختص به انسان بود. با ظهور فن‌آوری‌های نوین، دون آیدی رویکرد پدیدارشناسانه را برای بررسی روابط بین انسان و فن‌آوری ناکافی دانست و رویکرد پساپدیدارشناسانه را مطرح کرد که فراتر از رابطه سوژه-ابژه است؛ زیرا فن‌آوری با سوژه همراه می‌شود، تا جهان را تجربه کنند و دیگر نمی‌توان فن‌آوری را صرفاً ابژه یا حتی سوژه نامید. با خلق مفهوم سایبورگ، که هویتی متشکل از انسان و فن‌آوری است، بازنگری در برخی مفاهیم سنتی مرتبط با انسان ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. پیتر-پل وربیک مساله اراده‌مندی را مورد بازنگری قرار داده و «اراده‌مندی سایبورگ» را مطرح کرده که برای فن‌آوری انواعی از اراده‌مندی را قایل می‌شود؛ که شامل اراده‌مندی واسطه‌ای، پیوندی و مرکب هستند. از سوی دیگر، شاهد رشد روزافزون چیدمان‌های تعاملی هستیم که به سبب ظهور فن‌‌آوری‌های نوین امکان سایبورگ‌شدگی مخاطبی را که به تجربه آن پرداخته، فراهم می‌کنند. هدف از این پژوهش، مطالعه موردی «چیدمان تعاملی باغ نور» الهام گرفته از عناصر فرش و باغ ایرانی از منظر «اراده‌مندی سایبورگ وربیک» است؛ و این پژوهش در پی پاسخ به این پرسش بوده که: تجلی اراده‌مندی در این چیدمان و تاثیر آن در سایبورگ‌شدگی انسان و نیز تاثیر تعامل با عناصر دیداری، شنیداری و بویایی این چیدمان چگونه است؟ نگارندگان با اتخاذ روش توصیفی-تحلیلی، اطلاعات مورد نیاز را از طریق مکاتبه با طراح این چیدمان و نیز منابع معتبر آنلاین کسب کرده‌اند. با توجه به مطالعات انجام یافته می‌توان گفت، هر سه نوع اراده‌مندی سایبورگ در این چیدمان به وقوع پیوسته و یک چیدمان تعاملی هنری می‌تواند مظاهر گوناگونی از سایبورگ را در خود جای دهد و طراحی جامع باغ نور توانسته با درگیر نمودن حواس چندگانه، اوج حس غوطه‌وری را در مخاطب ایجاد کند.

manifestation of cyborg intentionality based on verbeek theory case study: “jardin de lumière” interactive installation

the emergence of modern technologies in the past few decades has played a significant role in the way humans interact with the surrounding world. nowadays, humans perceive and experience the world through tools, machines, and technology, and in this regard, don ihde has proposed a post-phenomenological approach that categorizes the relations between human and technology in four distinct types, which include embodiment, hermeneutic, alterity, and background. in the meantime, the concept of cyborg has been coined in the philosophy of technology. cyborg in its original meaning refers to an entity that is a combination of a living creature and a technological tool, but over time the concept is attributed to modern human, who is in close interaction with technology at every moment, both physically and mentally. thus it is the combined entity of human and technology which is experiencing the world. the emergence of the cyborg concept makes it necessary to review some traditional theories and definitions related to humans, because we are facing a creature that is partly human and partly, non-human.traditionally, intentionality, a capability exclusively belonging to human beings, was a measure to distinguish humans from non-human creatures. with the emergence of the cyborg concept, peter-paul verbeek has revised the issue and proposed different types of intentionality which partially include technology. from verbeek’s point of view, cyborg intentionality can be categorized in three distinct types, known as mediated, hybrid, and composite intentionality. mediated intentionality is a generalization of ihde’s fourfold of human-technology relations, and technology plays the role of a mediator between human and the world, so human perceives and experiences the world through technology intentionality. in technologies such as bionics, which combine humans and technology in such a way that they can no longer be separated from each other and create a new entity, we witness a hybrid intentionality which is the result of the combination of human and non-human intentionality. in composite intentionality, the technology experiences the world based on its intentionality and provides the result as a world to be experienced by the humans, which includes two different types. if the experience is a extension of the human senses to perceive the world, it is called augmented, and if it is a kind of experience that human senses are not capable of perceiving, it is called constructive.the application of modern technology in the field of art is also showing an increasing trend, and perhaps the most influential artworks can be found in interactive art installations. an interactive installation needs the audience’s participation by being present and interacting with different components to complete a process, which brings a lasting experience to him/her, and the peak of this perception can be accompanied by a sense of immersion. completion of an interactive art installation by the presence of a human shows that the audience becomes a part of this technological structure, which takes over his/her different senses and eventually transforms him/her into a cyborg. the quality of manifestation of cyborg intentionality in interactive installations is an issue that has been neglected in various research, and its analysis can clarify new dimensions for the designers of such installations.this research aims to answer these questions: how was the manifestation of the cyborg in the interactive installation of jardin de lumière formed and what is its effects on the cyborg-being of human? how can cyborg intentionality be analyzed and adapted in the interactive installation of jardin de lumière based on peter-paul verbeek’s views?to carry out the research, a descriptive-analytical method was adopted, and these criteria were taken into consideration for choosing the case study: the artistic nature of the interactive installation, designed and presented by non-iranian artists, inspired by iranian art, up-to-date and the use of modern technologies. to choose the case, the installations that have been presented in exhibitions and festivals during the last four years were examined and only the interactive installation of jardin de lumière met all the desired criteria. in addition, it is beneficial to form various types of cyborg intentionality.the interactive installation of jardin de lumière is designed by the qatari artist ghada al-khater and implemented in collaboration with the french creative studio bonjour interactive lab in 2020 in paris as a part of the france-qatar cross program year of culture with the aim of sharing the culture and art of different nations. the design of the elements and motifs of the installation is inspired by the persian garden and carpet. the installation is implemented on a relatively large platform and motifs are projected on it by the lighting system from the above. motifs include static patterns and dynamic patterns while static patterns are inspired by iranian carpet motifs, and dynamic patterns are inspired by qatari and middle eastern flora and fauna motifs, and dynamic patterns are created according to the movement of the audience. in the center of the platform, there is a cylindrical element inspired by the iranian garden basin, and its external wall acts as a convex mirror.