مطالعۀ تطبیقی نگاره‌های بازنمایی شخصیت و پیکرۀ حضرت علی(ع) در نسخ خطی آثار الباقیه بیرونی و جامع‌ التواریخ رشیدی

حضرت علی(ع) طبق آیات قرآن و روایات اسلامی، دارای فضائل بسیاری است و نگارگران ایرانی، در مقاطع تاریخی مختلف، تصویر ایشان را مصور کرده‌اند. در نسخه‌های خطی آثار الباقیه بیرونی و جامع ‌التواریخ رشیدی متعلق به دورۀ ایلخانی، نگاره‌هایی از ایشان دیده می‌شود. از آنجا ‌که آثار الباقیه بیرونی و جامع‌ التواریخ رشیدی، به‌ترتیب دارای محتوایی علمی‌تاریخی و تاریخی است، شخصیت‌پردازی‌های گوناگونی از حضرت علی(ع) ارائه شده است که اهمیت موضوع، ضرورت انجام پژوهش را ایجاب کرده است. اهداف پژوهش، شناخت ویژگی‌های شخصیتی حضرت علی(ع) در نگاره‌های نسخه‌های خطی آثار الباقیه بیرونی و جامع ‌التواریخ رشیدی و شناسایی ذهنیت‌های تاثیرگذار در انتخاب موضوع نگاره‌های مرتبط با حضرت در دو نسخه است. پرسش‌ها عبارت‌اند از: 1. در نگاره‌های نسخه‌های خطی آثار الباقیه بیرونی و جامع ‌التواریخ رشیدی، به کدام یک از ویژگی‌های شخصیتی حضرت علی(ع) توجه شده است؟ 2. انتخاب موضوع نگاره‌های مرتبط با حضرت علی(ع) در نسخه‌های آثار الباقیه بیرونی و جامع ‌التواریخ رشیدی تابع چه ذهنیتی صورت گرفته است؟ در پژوهش پیش‌ رو، اطلاعات کتابخانه‌ای، اسنادی و تصویری به شیوۀ‌ توصیفی‌تحلیلی با رویکرد تطبیقی بررسی شده و نمونه‌ها شامل سه نگاره از نسخۀ آثار الباقیه بیرونی و دو نگاره از نسخۀ جامع ‌التواریخ رشیدی به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد نگارگر در نسخۀ علمی‌‌تاریخی آثار الباقیه، به ابعاد شخصیتی حضرت علی(ع) تاکید کرده، نظیر رزمنده‌بودن، خانواده‌دوستی، جانشینی پیامبر و به‌طورکلی عقاید شیعی و در نسخۀ جامع التواریخ رشیدی، نگارگر شخصیت حضرت علی(ع) را برجسته نکرده و دیدگاهی مستندگونه داشته است و شخصیت حضرت را به‌عنوان رزمنده‌ای در سپاه اسلام نشان داده است.

comparative study of the personality and figure representations of imam ali(as) in the manuscripts of the el-âsârü’ l-bâkiyye birunî and the jami’ al-tawarikh rashidi

according to the verses of the qur’an and islamic traditions, imam ali(as) has many virtues and iranian painters, in different historical periods, have illustrated his image. in the manuscripts of the elâsârü’ lbâkiyye birunî and the jami’ altawarikh rashidi belonging to the ilkhanid period, drawings of him can be seen. since âsârü’ lbâkiyye birunî and the jami’ altawarikh rashidi have scientifichistorical and historical content, respectively; various personalities of imam ali(as) have been presented. the importance of this issue has necessitated the present research. the objectives of the research include recognizing the personality traits of imam ali(as) in the manuscripts of the el âsârü’ lbâkiyye birunî and the jami’ altawarikh rashidi and identifying the influential mentalities in choosing the subject of the drawings related to the imam in two versions. the questions also include: 1 in the drawings of the manuscripts of the el âsârü’ lbâkiyye birunî and the jami’ altawarikh rashidi, which personality traits of imam ali(as) have been discussed? 2 what is the mentality of choosing the subject of the paintings related to imam ali(as) in the copies of the el âsârü’ lbâkiyye birunî and the jami’ altawarikh rashidi? in the research, library, documentary and pictorial information have been studied in a descriptiveanalytical manner with a comparative approach and the samples include 3 drawings of âsârü’ lbâkiyye birunî and 2 drawings of the jami’ altawarikh rashidi have been selected in a purposeful and nonprobabilistic manner.in the three pictures examined from the manuscript of the âsârü’ lbâkiyye birunî, much attention has been paid to the discussion of the succession of imam ali(as) and his children and the continuation of the path of imamate by him.imam ali(as) is depicted in one picture with his whole family and in another picture with his children. imam ali(as) had a dignified and calm face in all three paintings, but he has the sword of zulfiqar with him, and considering that the only armed person with a sword in the paintings of manuscript of the âsârü’ lbâkiyye birunî is imam ali(as), it shows paying special attention to the painter has the aspect of warlike personality, courage and most importantly the cultural personality and position of imam ali(as). the ghadir khumm incident is the most important event in the shiite discourse, which is one of the drawings of the âsârü’ lbâkiyye birunî. on the day of ghadir, the prophet of islam equated ali(as) with his power, personality and dignity, and by the command of god, introduced him as his successor and leader of the muslims. a cloud can be seen above the head of the holy prophet(pbuh), which is called arhas. around the heads of all the persons in this painting, a golden halo is seen and it is not a sign of holiness and imam ali attracts attention with his zulfiqar sword. another image is dedicated to the mobahela event. this event is very important for the shiites because the prophet(pbuh) chose hazrat fatima(pbuh) and ali(as) from among his companions and elders to face the christians of najran, who according to the shiite discourse, the ahlebeit of the prophet(pbuh) are known and from the shiites’ point of view, the event of mobahela expresses the superior and valuable position of the family of infallibility and purity. in this picture, the prophet(pbuh), imam ali(as), hazrat fatima(pbuh), hassan(as) and hussein(as) are seen. a piece of cloud can be seen above the head of the prophet (pbuh) which refers to the same subject of erhas and this cloud is drawn on the head of 5 people and in a way emphasizes the concept of ahle beit and velayat. in this painting, too, the halo of sanctity is seen around all people and is not a sign of sanctity. doubleedged sword of imam ali(as) is illustrated in this painting and the cultural aspect of imam ali(as) and his caliphate and guardianship is emphasized. the encounter of the messengers of the false prophet with the prophet muhammad(pbuh) is also the third image of the manuscript of the âsârü’ lbâkiyye birunî and refers to a man in yemen who is known as musaylima kazzab. in his letter to the holy prophet(pbuh), he claimed to be a prophet and considered himself a partner in the rule and rule of the holy prophet(pbuh). this picture shows the scene of the messengers of the false prophet facing the holy prophet(pbuh). in this work, the cloud above the head of the prophet(pbuh) refers to erhas like the previous two paintings, and imam ali(as), imam hassan(as) and imam hussein(as) are depicted in the