evaluating the potential of duck egg shell for methylene blue adsorption in medical laboratory wastewater

It is important to develop an understanding of adsorbent performance in non-traditional wastewater streams like those from medical facilities. in this study, duck eggshell powder (dep) was utilized for the removal of methylene blue (mb) and evaluated in medical laboratory wastewater. the effect of ph, initial mb concentration, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption process was investigated. the results showed that the optimum adsorption conditions were at ph 8, initial mb concentration of 80 mg.l-1, contact time of 30 min, and temperature of 298 k. the adsorption process followed the langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with a maximum uptake capacity of 5.991 mg.g-1 and removal efficiency of 97.34%. the thermodynamic process of adsorption was non-spontaneous and endothermic. ft-ir, xrf, sem-edx, and bet analysis confirmed the interactions between mb and dep before and after adsorption. the adsorption process occurred through electrostatic attraction, cation exchange, hydrogen bonding, and pore filling. this treatment was applied to medical laboratory wastewater with efficiency reaching 100% at optimum conditions (ph 8). the advantages of dep are simple sample preparation, no need for additional precursors, and an abundant natural resource, thus providing an excellent opportunity for use as an adsorbent. therefore, dep has great potential as an effective adsorbent for removing mb dye from medical laboratory wastewater.