the impacts of genotoxıc damage on daphnia magna at rısk to penconazole

Penconazole, a fungicide often used in agriculture, is harmful to aquatic species. although its toxicity to fish is not yet well recognized. among the triazole fungicides, penconazole(pen) is among the most widely utilized in a number of nations. in this work, we employed the comet test to investigate the impacts of different penconazole doses on the fungicide's genetic impact in daphnia magna. during a 10-day period, daphnid were exposed to a controls and four separate dosages of penconazole (1.25, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/ l) according to initially observed values in aquatic habitats. at the end of the experiment, the comet assay was employed to determine the damage frequency (%), arbitrary unit (%), and genetic damage index (%) of tissues. the 2.5 mg l-1 group showed notably greater injury frequencies (50.00±0.10) on daphnia magna (p<0.001). our insights indicated an important rise in dna strand breakage for daphnia magna after exposure to penconazole, indicating that the herbicide is genotoxic to daphnids.