recovery of the fixing solution waste and silver, as well as the direct synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the solution waste

Radiology and photography films are mainly made of silver halides, which are very sensitive to light. the developer-fixing solution reduces silver salt crystals and turns them into black metallic silver on film and a stable and clear image appears on the film. after several uses of the fixing solution, its efficiency is reduced due to the decrease in the concentration of sodium thiosulfate and finally, it cannot be used since there is not enough awareness regarding its harm, so it enters the environment through wastewater. in this study, the recovery of fixing solution waste has been investigated. the recovery of the solution waste, silver extraction, and direct synthesis of nanoparticles have been performed by chemical reduction method from the waste. the obtained samples were analyzed and studied by edx, xrd, and sem techniques. the results showed that the fixing solution waste and silver metal were recovered properly with a purity of 99.81%. also, agnps were synthesized by chemical reduction. recovery of the fixing solution waste -for the first time- and metallic silver, as well as the synthesis of agnps by chemical reduction method, is an economical method and free of any contamination.