chemical fraction and health effect of size segregate pm at national highway of northern india

Sampling was conducted on agra-delhi national highway nh-2. samples were collected with the help of sioutas cascade impactor. during the sampling, pm1.0-0.5 (255.85µg/m3) was higher than pm2.5-1.0 (218.96µg/m3). the aqi value for the average pm2.5 concentration also exceeded the severe aq limit (401-500). these results showed that pm2.5 pollution has a significant influence on the site as a result of a variety of anthropogenic activities. during the summer season, for pm1.0-0.5 and pm2.5-1.0 highest values (µg/m3) of metals followed the same trend and it was observed as mg(6.52)> ca(5.89)> al(3.64)> while for pm2.5-1.0 it was as mg(10.12)> ca(9.5)> al(5.95) respectively. at roadside, most of these metals are emitted from the resuspension of dust and vehicle activities which causes serious diseases to the human being. cd, cr, cu, pb, and zn were highly enriched at national highway sampling sites, highlighting the crustal source, which has a major impact on metals concentration, followed by anthropogenic sources. the present research was conducted to find out the concentration level of metals in pm2.5-1.0 and pm1.0-0.5 particles in agra, india to find out the health risk assessment at highway site.from the results, it was observed that all metals bound to larger size pm has high bioavailability. from the health risk assessment, it was found that all the metals bound smaller size particles showed higher hq except in the case of ni and al. cr, pb showed carcinogenic risk to children and adults in both size fraction of pm except in the case of ni.