carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in ground drinking water wells of bandar abbas

This research evaluates the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from cadmium, lead, and zinc in bandar abbas groundwater sources. the samples from 25 wells were analyzed for cadmium, lead and zinc. total lifetime cancer risk and non-cancer risk assessment from exposure to these pollutants in drinking water (ingestion, inhalation and skin routes) were conducted for people living in these villages. in these regions most of the drinking water supplied, are from these wells which shows the importance of analyzing the quality of them in order to prevent diseases and cancer risks. the highest risk from cadmium seems to be in village dehno paein and also this amount for lead occurs in tifakan tal-e gerdu. the highest hazard index (hi) based on human health risk assessment (hhra) model for cadmium, lead, and zinc through oral, inhalation and dermal pathways were computed as 0.005, 1.63 and 0.043 which are in dehno paein, tifakan tal-e gerdu and faryab. results show that lead can lead to more cancer cases in these villages that cadmium. the total expected cancer cases from exposure to cadmium in different routes are lower than lead.