بررسی اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × محیط و پایداری عملکرد دانه هیبریدهای جدید آفتابگردان

اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × محیط مسئله‌ای مهم در مطالعه صفات کمی می‎باشد، زیرا پایداری عملکرد در محیط‌های مختلف را کاهش می‌دهد. در این راستا به‌منظور تجزیه اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × محیط و تعیین پایداری عملکرد و سازگاری هیبریدهای جدید آفتابگردان روغنی، تعداد شانزده ژنوتیپ آفتابگردان در چهار ایستگاه‌ تحقیقاتی (کرج، گرگان، کرمانشاه و شاهرود) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار به مدت دو سال زراعی (1402-1400) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه مرکب عملکرد دانه نشان داد که اثرات محیط، ژنوتیپ و اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × محیط معنی‌دار بودند. معنی‌دار بودن اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × محیط، بیانگر واکنش متفاوت ژنوتیب‌ها در محیط‌های مختلف بود؛ از این‌رو، امکان تجزیه پایداری ژنوتیپ‌ها وجود داشت. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه پایداری با روش ابرهارت و راسل، ژنوتیپ‌های h8، h11، h14 و h10 با عملکرد بالاتر از میانگین و ضریب رگرسیون نزدیک به یک به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ با سازگاری عمومی بالا برای تمام مناطق شناخته شدند. بر اساس روش گزینش همزمان برای عملکرد و پایداری (ysi)، ژنوتیپ‌های h10، h11و h8 با کمترین مقادیر به‌عنوان پایدارترین و ژنوتیپ‌های h9، h16و h6 با بیشترین مقدار آماره‌ مذکور به‌عنوان ناپایدارترین ژنوتیپ‌ها شناسایی شدند. همچنین بر اساس شاخص siig، ژنوتیپ‌های h10 و h11 با داشتن مقدار siig بالا و همچنین عملکرد دانه بالاتر از میانگین به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های برتر از نظر پایداری و عملکرد دانه شناخته شدند و قابلیت ورود به آزمایش‌های تحقیقی-ترویجی به‌منظور معرفی به‌عنوان رقم جدید برای کشت را دارند. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه خوشه‌ای، هر دو سال آزمایش مکان‌های گرگان و کرمانشاه در یک گروه قرار گرفتند که بیان‌گر قابلیت پیش‌بینی و تکرارپذیری بالای این مکان‌ها می‌باشد.

studying the genotype × environment interaction and seed yield stability of new sunflower hybrids

introductionoilseeds are one of the most important sources of energy worldwide. sunflower is an important crop with nutritional and high economic values. sunflower is one of the most important oilseed plants in the world, whose seeds contain 26-50% oil and 20-27% protein. by using new and high-yield hybrids, the economic performance of sunflower can be increased. evaluating new sunflower hybrids under different environmental conditions is essential in identifying and selecting superior genotypes with high and stable yield potentials. genotype × environment interaction effects are important limiting factors in introducing new cultivars. various methods have been introduced to evaluate the interaction effects, each of which examines the nature of the interaction effect from a specific point of view. the gge-biplot graphic method is an approach with suitable efficiency to investigate the interaction effect of genotype × environment and provides good graphical information regarding genotypes and environments. the aim of this study was to investigate the interaction effect of genotype × environment using the gge-biplot graphic method in order to evaluate genotypes, environments and relationships between genotypes and environments and finally to identify stable genotypes with high seed yield under different environmental conditions in sunflower.material and methodsa number of 16 oily sunflower genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications in four experimental field stations (karaj, gorgan, kermanshah and shahrud) during 2021–2023 cropping seasons. gge biplot statistical method (genotype effect + genotype × environment interaction) was used to study stability of genotypes in the studied environments. plants were harvested at maturity and then the seed yield was recorded for each genotype at each test environment.results and discussion the combined analysis of variance indicated significant effects of environments, genotypes and genotype × environment interaction, suggesting that the genotypes responded differently in different environment conditions, justifying the stability analysis. according to the results of stability analysis using eberhart and russel method, the h8, h11, h14 and h10 genotypes with higher seed yield than overall mean and regression coefficient equal to one (bi=1) was identified as the genotype with high general stability for all regions. based on the simultaneous selection method for yield and stability (ysi), the genotypes of h10, h10 and h8 with the lowest values were stable, whereas genotypes h9, h16 and h6 with highest values were unstable. also, based on the siig index, the genotypes of h10 and h11 with having high siig value as well as higher seed yield that total average were recognized as superior genotypes from the point of stability and seed yield. cluster analysis grouped the gorgan and kermanshah locations together, indicating that these two main environments possess high predictability and repeatability for any future genotype performance evaluation. conclusions based on the findings of present study, genotypes h10 and h11 demonstrated superior performance in terms of both seed yield and stability, indicating their potential for advancement in research-extension trials and possible release as new cultivars for commercial cultivation. plus, due to their high predictive poteintials, the gorgan and kermanshah environments were identified as suitable experimental locations for the selection of high-performing sunflower genotypes. overall, the results highlight the effectiveness of the gge biplot graphical method in analyzing genotype × environment interactions and in providing valuable insights into the performance of genotypes and the discriminative ability of test environments.