هَفشِجان: کانون هنر حجاری ایران بازخوانی و معرفی آثار حجاری(سنگ‌مزارها و شیرهای سنگی)

هفشجان، یکی از مهم‌ترین کانون‌های تراش و تولید آثار سنگی(سنگ مزار و شیرهای سنگی) است. هنرمندان حجار هفشجانی از گذشته‌ تاکنون و نسل به نسل مشغول این حرفه بوده و امروزه یکی از کانون‌های فعال درتولید انواع آثار سنگی شامل انواع سنگ مزارها، شیرهای سنگی آیینی و تزئینی(دکوراتیو) و سایر احجام سنگی کاربردی و تزئینی، به‌شمار می‌آید. این مقاله، پژوهشی است میدانی که با هدف معرفی انواع آثار حجمی و سنگی هفشجان، بررسی، شناسایی و تحلیل جنبه‌های زیباشناختی و آگاهی از چیستی و چرایی شکل‌گیری نقش و نگاره‌های نقش‌پردازی شده بر بدنه آن‌ها، به نگارش درآمده‌است. سوال اصلی پژوهش این است که: انواع فرم سنگ‌مزارها و شیرهای سنگی هفشجان، علت و اسباب شکل‌گیری آن‌ها و جنبه‌های زیباشناختی و آرایه‌های تزئینی این آثار کدام است و معانی و مضامین آن‌ها چیست؟ تحقیق حاضر از نوع کیفی و بنیادین و روش تحقیق توصیفی - تحلیلی و شیوه گردآوری داده‌ها، کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی است.

hafshejan: iran sculpture art center review and introduction of sculptural works (stone tombs and stone lions)

sculpture is one of the oldest iranian arts which found a prominent appearance in the carving and production of stone tombs and stone lions from the safavid period and its effect can be seen in the cemeteries of different regions such as isfahan, chaharmahal and bakhtiari, khuzestan, shiraz, and lorestan. muslims, based onreligious and islamic beliefs and worldviews, believe in the world after death, and consider it obligatory to honor the memory of a deceased through a sense ofbelonging. therefore, they try to keep his memory alive in the most beautiful way possible with conventional ceremonies and the implementation of traditional rituals,especially the installation of a memorial stone along with the name and characteristics of the deceased. this post islam indigenous and long-standing artfound a prominent expression, from the safavid period in the carving and production of stone tombs and stone lions. as a manifestation of islamic art, the tombstone isthe deceased's certificate and also a memorial that is decorated in the form of inscriptions, literary, religious, epic sketches, and abstract and symbolic images (inthe dignity and description of his social position). the mentioned process is a part of the prominent tradition and ancient monuments of muslims and especially iranians. this tradition, along with placing a stone lion on the tombstone, is one of the rituals of honoring the deceased among the bakhtiari people. a stone lion is a symbolic element on the graves of brave and famous men who have social dignity and heroic status. the importance and necessity of the subject of this research is that tombstones and stone lions along with decorative arrays while having historical, memorial, and aesthetic dimensions, are a part of the national cultural identity and ethnic heritage which deserves to be preserved as a museum and should be presented in the form of documentation and research to present to the audience and future generations in addition to physical preservation. in addition, the understanding andawareness of the inscriptions and paintings on the tombstones of hafshejan is a path that leads to comprehending the cultural and social values and the vision of the natives of the region. this research is of a qualitative and developmental type, and its prominent features are the field dimension and originality of the subject. the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is both field and library. the city of hafshejan, adjacent to shahrekord in chaharmahal and bakhtiari province, it has been one of the most prominent centers of sculpting and stone carving in iran from the past until now. there are many practical stone works such as stone doors, types of stone mills, plinths, and stone columns of historicalmonuments of chaharmahal and bakhtiari province, which belong to khavanin bakhtiari.