مقایسه رفتارهای دلبستگی و حمایت اجتماعی در مادران نوزادان سالم و نارس بستری در بخش‫های مراقبت ویژه نوزادان

زمینه و هدف: تولد نوزاد نارس یکی از عواملی است که می‫تواند منجر به اختلال در دلبستگی میان مادر و نوزاد شود. حمایت اجتماعی از والدین، به ویژه مادران نوزادان نارس، نه تنها به سازگاری خانواده با وضعیت نوزاد و بستری بودن وی کمک می ‫نماید، بلکه در ارتقاء رفتارهای دلبستگی مادران تاثیر بسزایی دارد. این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه رفتارهای دلبستگی و حمایت اجتماعی در مادران نوزادان سالم و نارس بستری در بخش ‫های مراقبت ویژه نوزادان انجام شد.روش کار: این مطالعه یک پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی است که با مشارکت 136 نفر از مادران نوزادان سالم و نارس بستری در بخش‫های مراقبت ویژه نوزادان بیمارستان‫ های شهدای کارگر، افشار و شهید صدوقی یزد در سال 1399 انجام گرفت. نمونه ها با روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. جهت جمع آوری داده ها از برگه ثبت رفتار دلبستگی آوانت و پرسشنامه حمایت اجتماعی وین فیلد و تایگمن استفاده شد. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار spss16 و آزمون تی مستقل، کای دو، آنووا و همبستگی پیرسون مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین نمرات حمایت اجتماعی در مادران نوزادان نارس (6/47±21/51) بیشتر از نوزادان سالم (5/88±17/36) و میانگین رفتار دلبستگی در مادران نوزادان نارس (13/36±30/79) کمتر از نوزادان سالم (10/43±39/78) بود (0/001>p). همچنین میانگین نمرات رفتارهای هیجانی (10/04±24/11) و مجاورتی (1/01±14/59) در مادران نوزادان سالم و رفتارهای مراقبتی (1/67±2/62) در مادران نوزادان نارس بیش از نوزادان سالم بود(0/05>p).نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج، حمایت اجتماعی و رفتارهای مراقبتی در مادران نوزادان نارس و دلبستگی و زیرشاخه های رفتارهای هیجانی و مجاورتی در مادران نوزادان سالم بیشتر بود. لذا، ضروری بنظر می رسد پرستاران بخش های مراقبت ویژه نوزادان اقداماتی را جهت تسهیل فرآیند دلبستگی مادر نوزاد انجام دهند و فرصت های بیشتری برای حمایت از مادران فراهم کنند.

Comparison of MaternalInfant Attachment Behaviors and Social Support in Mothers of Healthy Newborn and Premature Newborn Hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

 ABSTRACTBackground & objectives: The birth of a premature baby is one of the factors that can lead to impaired attachment between them. Social support of parents, especially mothers of premature infants, not only helps the family to adjust to the babychr('39')s condition and hospitalization, but also has a great effect on promoting motherschr('39') attachment behaviors. This study was done to compare of maternalinfant attachment behaviors and social support in mothers of healthy newborns and premature newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care.Methods: This is a descriptivecomparative study performed on 136 mothers of healthy infants and premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of ShohadaeKargar, Afshar and ShahidSadoughi hospitals. The samples were selected by convenient sampling method in 2020. A record sheet of Avant maternal neonatal attachment and the Winfield and Tigman social support questionnaire were completed. Data were analyzed using independent ttest, chisquare, ANOVA and Pearson correlation were in SPSS 16 software. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The mean score of social support was higher in mothers of premature infants (21.51±6.47) than healthy infants (17.36±5.88) and a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (p<0.001).Also, the mean of attachment behavior in mothers of premature infants (30.7±13.36) was less than healthy newborns (39.78±10.43). In subcategories, the mean score of emotional (24.11±10.04) and proximity behaviors (14.59±1.01) were higher in mothers of healthy infants, but the mean score of caring behaviors subcategory (2.62±1.67) was higher in mothers of premature infants(p<0.05).Conclusion: In this study social support and caring behaviors were higher in mothers of preterm infants. Also, attachment and subcategories of emotional and proximity behaviors were more observed in mothers of healthy infants. It seems necessary for nurses to doing interventions for facilitating the motherinfant attachment process and provide more opportunities to support mothers in NICU. Background & aim: The birth of a premature baby is one of the factors that can lead to impaired attachment between them. Social Support of parents, especially mothers of premature infants, not only helps the family to adjust to the babychr(chr(chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))))39chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))))39chr(chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))))39chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))))))s condition and hospitalization, but also has a great effect on promoting motherschr(chr(chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))))39chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))))39chr(chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))))39chr(chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))))) attachment behaviors.  This study was done to compare of maternalinfant attachment behaviors and social support in mothers of healthy newborn and premature newborn hospitalized in neonatal intensive care.   Methods: In this descriptivecomprative study 136 mothers of healthy infants and premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of ShohadaeKargar, Afshar and Shahid Sadoughi hospitals participated in convenient sampling method in 2020. After obtaining informed consent, a demographic information questionnaire, a record sheet of Avant maternal neonatal attachment and the Winfield and Tigman social support questionnaire were completed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Independent ttest, chisquare, ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The mean of social support  was higher in mothers of premature infants (21.51±6.47) than healthy infants (17.36±5.88) and a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in this regard (P<0.001). Also, the mean of attachment behavior in mothers of premature infants (30.7 ±13.36) was less than healthy newborns (39.78 ±10.43) and subcategories of emotional (24.11±10.04) and proximity behaviors(14.59±1.01) were higher in mothers of healthy infants but the subcategory of caring behaviors (2.62±1.67) was higher in mothers of premature infants (P <0.05).Conclusion: In this study social support and caring behaviors were higher in mothers of preterm infants. Also, attachment and subcategories of emotional and proximity behaviors were more observed in mothers of healthy infants. It seems necessary for nurses to doing interventions  for facilitating the motherinfant attachment process and provide more opportunities to support mothers in NICU.