عوامل موثر بر توسعه فرصت های کارآفرینی گردشگری: مطالعه ای در مجموعه های سوارکاری

اﻣﺮوزه ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪهای در اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻨﻮعﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ درآﻣﺪی دارد. ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و اﺷﺘﻐﺎلزاﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ورزﺷﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎی ﺳﻮارﮐﺎری و اﺳﺐدواﻧﯽ، ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزی ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ در اﯾﺮان را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎی ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﻫﺎی ﺳﻮارﮐﺎری و اﺳﺐدواﻧﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮی از روﯾﮑﺮد آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری آن را ﻣﺪﯾﺮان، ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن و ﭼﺎﺑﮑﺴﻮاران ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ 260ﻧﻔﺮ از آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪی ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮی از آن ﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺑﺰار اﺻﻠﯽ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮات ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺿﻤﻦ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه )ave( و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ )cr( ﻧﺸﺎن از رواﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﮕﺮا و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزی ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری و ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﺟﺰﺋﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار smart pls3اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﻼن ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎی ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎی ﺳﻮارﮐﺎری و اﺳﺐدواﻧﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽداری دارد. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ و ﻣﻘﺪار tﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺧﺮد ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎی ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎی ﺳﻮارﮐﺎری و اﺳﺐدواﻧﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎی ﻫﺪف ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﺳﻮارﮐﺎری ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ورود ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪهای در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎی ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺳﻮارﮐﺎری دارد.

factors influencing the development of entrepreneurial opportunities in tourism: a study of equestrian centers

today, the tourism industry plays a critical role in the economies of countries by diversifying income sources. the economic potential and employment generation of sports tourism, particularly in the context of equestrian centers and horse racing, creates an inclination towards fostering entrepreneurship in iran. this study aims to investigate the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurial opportunities within equestrian and horse racing complexes in the country. the research is descriptive survey in nature and employs a mixed methods approach. the statistical population comprises managers, trainers, and jockeys, from which 260 individuals were selected as a sample through stratified random sampling. a questionnaire served as the primary measurement tool, with its content validity confirmed by expert opinions. additionally, the values obtained from the average variance extracted (ave) and composite reliability (cr) indicate appropriate convergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire. data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (sem) and partial least squares (pls) through smart pls3 software. the results revealed that the macro environment has a significant positive impact on the development of entrepreneurial opportunities in equestrian centers and horse racing. moreover, the path coefficients and corresponding t values indicate a positive and significant effect of the micro environment on the development of entrepreneurial opportunities in equestrian complexes in the target provinces. the formulation of a comprehensive equestrian tourism plan, focusing on the entry of the private sector with inter agency coordination, plays a crucial role in the development of entrepreneurial opportunities within equestrian centers.