Soil borne fungi associated with different vegetable crops in Sindh,Pakistan

Different soil-borne fungi are responsible for reducing the yield of vegetables throughout the world including pakistan. there are several soil borne fungal pathogens which aggressively infect vegetable crops. surveys conducted during september 2010 to october 2011,demonstrated that a great diversity of soil borne plant pathogens associated with different vegetables prevail in vegetable growing areas of sindh such as tando allahayar,mirpurkhas,ghotaki,khairpur,kunri,umerkot and karachi,etc. our study noted in total thirteen different genera of fungi isolated from vegetable crops (cabbage,brinjal,tomato,radish and spinach). isolated fungi identified included alternaria solani,aspergillus flavus,a. fumigatus,a. niger,a. oryzae,a. terrus,aeromonium fusidiocles,cladosporium sp.,drechselra hawaiiensis,eurotium berbanbrum,fusarium oxysporum,macrophomina phaseolina,penicillium commune,rhizoctonia solani,trichoderma harzianum,ulocladium sp.,and unidentified black mycelium from the soil and roots of vegetable crops. in addition,it was found that soil is commonly infected by soil-borne fungi and eventually results in heavy losses of vegetable yield in the vegetable growing areas of sindh province. the infection rapidly increased due to many factors such as,presence of moisture,cxcess of water and infection may be caused by winds,gales and dust storms as well as by mechanical vectors.