Frequency of occult nipple involvement in early stage carcinoma breast

Aim: to determine the frequency of occult nipple involvement in early stage carcinoma breast. study design: descriptive cross sectional. place and duration of study: general surgery department and pathology departmentmultan medical and dental college,akhtar saeed medical and dental college lahore,cmh medical college lahore and nishtar medical college & hospital,multan. methods: 147 patients admitted fulfilling the inclusion criteria through outdoor. after thorough counseling of the patient and her relatives,informed consent taken for surgical management. patients undergone modified radical mastectomy by a consultant surgeon of assistant professor level or above. specimens sent to pathology department where serial section analysis of nipple specimens carried out and presence or absence of occult nipple involvement in early stage carcinoma breast noted. results: in this study there were 147 patients which were undergone modified radical mastectomy. histopathological report shows nipple involvement was present in 22(14.96%) patients conclusion: this randomized controlled trial concludes that occult nipple involvement was present in later age group with tumors of large size.