Redesigning of drip irrigation system using locally manufactured material to control pipe losses for orchard

Land and water are two important factors,which are required for agricultural development and strong economy of a pakistan. pakistan is facing the problem of water scarcity and the demand of water for irrigation is also increased due to mounting demand of food and fiber. this challenge could be achieved by adopting the water saving techniques or method,such as drip irrigation system. the performance and efficiency of the drip irrigation system depends on the best designing of the system. the objective of the study was to redesign the already installed irrigation system to make it more efficient. for that purpose the research was performed on guava orchard,located at taqi abad,a village in chiniot. in redesigning,the spacing of laterals were decreased from 5 to 4.57m while and sub-main decreased 4.88 to 4.5m and pipe losses were compared at different discharge. so,the head losses were decreased for laterals from 1.76 to 1.38m and for sub-main from 0.81 to 1.16m. the installation cost was also reduced from 1.28 to 1.136 million rupees. it was concluded that losses occurred were more when discharge was more and pipe diameter was less or vice versa.