رسانه‌های خبری و بررسی عاملیت مترجمین مطبوعاتی در بازتعریف روایی از بیماری کرونا در ایران

اواخر سال 2019 ویروس کرونا در چین ظاهر شد. این بیماری در تمام دنیا شرایط اجتماعی، اقتصادی و سیاسی را به شدت تحت تاثیر قرار داد. بدین ترتیب موقعیتی فراهم آمد تا جناح‌ها، سازمان‌ها و حکومت‌ها به دنبال بهره‌برداری سیاسی از شرایط به وجود آمده باشند. رسانه یکی از ابزارهایی بود که نهادهای مختلف سیاسی را در رسیدن به اهداف ایدئولوژیک یاری می‌رساند. حال این تحقیق در نظر دارد تا با استفاده از نظریه روایت مونا بیکر ، دخالت ایدئولوژیک مترجمین در ترجمه متون خبری و همچنین تاثیر ترجمه بر تنش‌های سیاسی به واسطه بازتعریف روایی از شرایط بیماری کرونا در ایران را مورد بررسی قرار دهد. به همین منظور 180 متن خبری فارسی به همراه ترجمه انگلیسی آن‌ها از تارنماهای خبرگزاری‌های خارجی جمع‌آوری شدند. بعد از تحلیل داده‌ها به واسطه راهبردهای قاب‌بندی نظریه بیکر مشخص شد که نقش مترجم به هنگام بروز یک بحران بسیار مهم است و عملکرد مترجم می‌تواند جامعه را به سمت ثبات یا عدم ثبات اجتماعی سوق دهد. همچنین مشخص شد که نقش مترجم در ایجاد و یا بازتعریف هویت سیاسی و اجتماعی بسیار پررنگ است. بعلاوه ضرورت اطلاع مخاطب از نقش ترجمه و مترجم در بازتعریف روایی داستان از دیگر یافته‌های مهم این تحقیق بود.

examining the agency of journalists and news media in shaping the narrative on the coronavirus crisis in iran

since the emergence of covid-19, the globe has faced various challenges concerning health, financial, social, and even political problems. these issues have been noticed and reflected in news media, which holds the potential to sway public opinion in myriad ways. this interdisciplinary research aims to analyze the covid-19 news coverage presented by iranian news media throughout three distinct stages (march through november 2020). to achieve this goal, a corpus-based discourse analysis approach, after baker (2006), has been implemented. the data for this study consists of a corpus of persian news compiled by crawling the websites of six main iranian news media outlets, which are believed to represent the three main political factions in iran: fundamentalists, reformists, and moderates. the data was collected from the month of march to the month of november of 2020. the results of the study indicate that “war” and specifically, “imposed war” or “holy defense” became the focal point of the discourse of “war with corona” in iran. words like &sepah (corps), basij, jihad, front line, health defenders, martyr, enemy, defeat, etc.& featured prominently in this discourse. coronovirus was portrayed as a treacherous disease in the discourse of &war with corona& in iran. the virus was represented as a tool of the enemy which could be utilized against iran, and iran was tasked with conquering the enemy conspiracy. in this discourse, the term &trump& was frequently employed as the adversary, particularly in the fundamentalist media. this depiction of &war with corona& as a &holy defense& was emphasized more in the media aligned with the fundamentalists during the earliest stages of the crisis.introductionsince the outbreak of covid-19, the globe has experienced a variety of challenges on multiple fronts including health, economic, social, and political matters. this crisis has been reported by the news media extensively, with varying interpretations and responses by governments all around the world. the covid-19 pandemic has been the subject of widespread scrutiny and analysis across countless fields. people have actively sought the latest updates, following the news not every day, but almost every hour. following the onset of lockdowns, it was the news media, especially, which provided the outlet for people to stay informed and perceive what was happening around them. therefore, examining the news content from multiple perspectives is of great significance, especially given the potential impact the media can have on public opinion. this study examines the covid-19 news coverage presented by online news media through the lens of corpus-based discourse analysis.materials and methodsthe goal of this interdisciplinary study is to analyze the news coverage of the covid-19 crisis in iranian news media via a descriptive- analytical approach. by utilizing a corpus- based discourse analysis approach, based on baker’s (2006) work, this study endeavors to discover variations in how different news media in iran covered and reported the news of the covid-19 crisis during the three phases ranging from march to november 2020. for the corpus analysis, wordsmith 6.0 will be used, and both qualitative, and quantitative methods will be included. data for this study consists of a corpus of persian news collected by crawling the websites of six established news outlets in iran, which are aligned with the three major political factions of the country which include fundamentalists (javan and kayhan), reformists (shargh and etemad), and moderates (jomhouri-e eslami and asr-e iran). thus, the main corpus was divided into three subcorporas based on the political factions. the selection of the news media outlets was based on convenience and purposive sampling. on the first step, iran’s popular online news outlets were categorized in terms of the specific political faction whose views they represented. in the second phase, the accessibility of the online archives of the selected newsmedia outlets was verified, and ultimately the six outlets were chosen. the time frame of this study covers 9 months, namely march through november of 2020. due to the existence of two distinct peaks of the epidemic in iran during this interval, combined with the occurrence of important political and social events in iran and worldwide such as the parliamentary election in iran and the us presidential election, each subcorpus was additionally segmented into three-month time periods. in this study, the corpora are labeled as the first, second and third periods. the significance of the observed differences between the corpora was measured using the statistical software package, spss v21.discussion and resultsduring the first stage of analysis on the primary corpora, it was observed that the frequency of the word &corona& (66135 tokens) far eclipsed the frequency of the term &covid& (2505). as a result, &corona& was selected as the primary focus of further analysis. in the second phase, each of the sub-corpora was analyzed based on the 100 most prevalent words in the respective corpora, concordance lists, and keywords. in this way, three overarching themes were established in the corpora: 1- &war with corona& 2- &crisis management. the focal point of this article is the &war with corona.& this narrative includes news pertaining