تاثیر رسانه‌های نوین بر انسجام اجتماعی در مناطق کمتربرخوردار شهر تهران (مورد مطالعه: واتساپ)

توسعه رسانه‌های نوین به‌ویژه شبکه‌های اجتماعی تعاملی را می‌توان یکی از پدیده‌های ارتباطی دهه‌های اخیر در ایران و جهان دانست؛ رسانه‌هایی که با پررنگ نمودن نقش کاربران در روابط اجتماعی توانسته تغییرات محسوسی در حوزه فرهنگی، سیاسی و اقتصادی آنان ایجاد نماید؛ اما اینکه در کنار پررنگ شدن نقش کاربران، این شبکه‌ها در مناطق کمتر برخوردار که با شکاف‌های اجتماعی زیادی مواجه‌اند می‌توانند بر انسجام اجتماعی نیز تاثیرگذار باشند مسئله‌ای است که پژوهش حاضر باهدف پاسخ به آن انجام شده است. در میان شبکه‌های اجتماعی واتساپ یکی از پرکاربردترین شبکه‌های اجتماعی است که به‌واسطه ظرفیت بالای تعاملی و عدم فیلترینگ مورد استقبال کاربران ایرانی قرار گرفته و محقق به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی مبتنی بر پیمایش تاثیر آن را بر انسجام اجتماعی مناطق کمتر برخوردار شهر تهران در چارچوب نظری برنارد (1999) بررسی نموده است. با گردآوری نظرات جوانان کاربر واتساپ در مناطق کمتر برخوردار شهر تهران به روش گلوله برفی و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با آزمون آماری پیرسون این نتیجه حاصل شد که استفاده از واتساپ با هر دو مولفه انسجام اجتماعی (پایبندی اجتماعی و برابری اجتماعی) رابطه مثبت و معناداری دارد و می‌تواند بر آن‌ها اثرگذار باشد. البته دراین‌بین در مولفه احساس برابری بیشتری رابطه را با احساس مشارکت و در مولفه پایبندی اجتماعی بیشترین رابطه را با احساس پذیرش دارد و نتوانسته بر احساس هم‌سطحی در این مناطق نیز تاثیری بگذارد؛ بنابراین در کنار تقویت نقش‌آفرینی فردی لازم است آثار انسجام‌بخشی این شبکه‌ نیز در سیاست‌گذاری‌های عمومی موردتوجه قرارگرفته و از این ظرفیت برای کاهش هزینه اجرای سیاست‌های فرهنگی- اجتماعی بهره لازم برده شود.

the impact of new media on social cohesion in the less privileged areas of tehran (case of study: whatsapp)

the development of new media, particularly interactive social networks, has been one of the most significant digital phenomena over the past few decades both in iran and globally. the media, via its emphasis on user participation in social relationships, has brought about considerable changes to cultural, political, and economic landscapes. however, while highlighting the critical role of users in social relations, these networks may also impact social cohesion in less privileged areas, which often face stark social disparities. among the social networks, whatsapp is one of the most popular platforms and is widely adopted due to its interactive capabilities and lack of restrictions. its use has also grown in iran, especially given its high capacity for user interaction. the researcher has employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and a theoretical framework to review the impact of whatsapp on social cohesion among less privileged areas of tehran through a survey-based approach. based on the data collection through the snowball method and statistical analysis using pearson’s test, it was concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of whatsapp and both components of social cohesion (social adherence and social equality) among young users in less privileged areas of tehran. although the use of whatsapp has been found to be positively associated with social equality, the impact is primarily felt with the feeling of participation. on the social cohesion component, the feeling of acceptance is heavily influenced by the use of whatsapp, but the feeling of equality remains unchanged in less privileged areas of tehran. therefore, in light of this finding, it is warranted to consider the holistic and cohesive effects of this network in societal policies to effectively utilize its capabilities for enhancing the individual role-playing and to employ that potential towards reducing the cultural-social policy implementation costs. introductionmodern media and communication platforms can be regarded as critical tools for the expression of various subcultures, ethnic groups, and less-privileged economic and societal groups. they serve to amplify their voices, increase their social awareness, and represent their demands. in iran, mobile social networks like telegram, whatsapp, and instagram have gained prominence and have had a significant impact on various populations, especially the youth.among the social networks, whatsapp has become increasingly popular among iranian users due to the ease of voice communication, low internet requirements, and the ability to manage voice messages; its unfiltered nature, in particular, has garnered significant support among iranian users. however, whatsapp usage among less privileged areas remains understudied, especially in relation to its influence on social cohesion. this social network has allowed its users to play a significant role in the interactive space and has opened up powerful possibilities for two-way communication. however, despite the diverse roles that whatsapp plays in different societal spheres and user functions, it is unclear whether its increased individual roles, particularly in the social, economic, and political spheres, would be effective in less privileged areas, especially in relation to the sense of social equality of young users and improving their social adherence and increasing the level of social cohesion. the present research has sought to address this issue.research question(s):what is the relationship between using whatsapp and social adherence?1.1. what is the relationship between the use of whatsapp and the feeling of social belonging?2.1. what is the relationship between the use of whatsapp and the feeling of social acceptance?3.1. what is the relationship between using whatsapp and adhering to the law?what is the relationship between the use of whatsapp and the feeling of social equality?1.2. what is the relationship between using whatsapp and feeling privileged?2.2. what is the relationship between the use of whatsapp and the feeling of participation?3.2. what is the relationship between using whatsapp and feeling equal? literature reviewstudies by shohani and shohani (winter 2018) have revealed a significant correlation between social networks and the development of social trust, social cohesion, solidarity, and even political participation, via strengthening the relationships between people in those societies. gholami and khaiti (fall 2013) have found a close relationship between the two variables of physical identity and social cohesion, and imam jumezadeh et al. (spring 2014) have found a significant correlation between media consumption and social cohesion, and according to farahmand et al. (spring and summer 2014) justice variables social, external media, internal media and age have been able to show 22% of the changes in social cohesion. methodologythis study aims to examine the relationship between two variables: whatsapp use and social cohesion. the study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology and adopts the theory of bernard (1999) as its theoretical framework. in order to obtain a measure of social cohesion, bernard (1999) has outlined several dimensions such as a sense of belonging-isolation, deprivation-privilege, participating-not participating, accepting-not accepting, law-abiding-not adhering to the law. within this research, two components of social compliance (feeling of belonging-isolation, acceptance-rejection, law-abiding-not adhering to the law) and feeling of social equality (deprivation-privilege, participation-nonparticipation, equal-unequal level) hav