A single dose of oral BCG Moreau fails to boost systemic IFN-γ responses to tuberculin in children in the rural tropics: Evidence for a barrier to mucosal immunization

Immune responses to oral vaccines are impaired in populations living in conditions of poverty in developing countries,and there is evidence that concurrent geohelminth infections may contribute to this effect. we vaccinated 48 children living in rural communities in ecuador with a single oral dose of 100 mg of bcg moreau rdj and measured the frequencies of tuberculinstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells expressing ifn-γ before and after vaccination. vaccinated children had active ascariasis (n = 20) or had been infected but received short- (n = 13) or long-term (n = 15) repeated treatments with albendazole prior to vaccination to treat ascariasis. all children had a bcg scar fromneonatal vaccination. there was no evidence of a boosting of postvaccination ifn-γ responses in any of the 3 study groups. our data provide support for the presence of a barrier to oral vaccination among children from the rural tropics that appeared to be independent of concurrent ascariasis. copyright © 2012 maritza vaca et al.