تحلیل عوامل پیش‌برنده تجهیز اراضی زراعی به سیستم های آبیاری بارانی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای شهرستان روانسر)

با توجّه به مصرف بیش از 90 درصد منابع آبی کشور در بخش کشاورزی، مدیریت منابع آب در این بخش، از جایگاه و اهمّیت ویژه ای برخوردار است و برنامه ریزان و سیاست گذاران کشور را بر آن داشته تا با به کارگیری ابزار و فن آوری های مختلف، میزان آب مصرفی در این بخش را با حفظ میزان تولیدات، به حداقل برساند. تجهیز اراضی زراعی به سیستم‌های آبیاری بارانی از جمله اقدامات مهمّ برنامه ریزان کشور در راستای مدیریت منابع آب است که در سال های گذشته تا کنون، در مناطق مختلف کشور از جمله شهرستان روانسر مورد استفاده کشاورزان قرار گرفته است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی و تحلیل اثرات سیستم های آبیاری بارانی بر فعّالیّت های کشاورزان و همچنین، شناسایی عوامل پیش برنده تجهیز اراضی زراعی به سیستم های مذکور در مدیریت منابع آب روستاهای شهرستان روانسر است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را کلّیّه کشاورزان استفاده کننده از سیستم های آبیاری بارانی طی سال های گذشته در شهرستان روانسر تشکیل می دهد (190 نفر) که از میان آنها، 181 نفر در دسترس بوده و حاضر به مصاحبه با محقّقان شده و نظراتشان مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. ابزار اصلی پژوهش پرسشنامه محقّق ساخته بوده که روایی و پایایی آن به ترتیب توسّط اساتید و کارشناسان مربوطه و محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ مورد تایید قرار گرفت. نتایج پژوهش با استفاده از آزمون ویل کاکسون نشان داد اثر سیستم های آبیاری بارانی بر فعّالیّت کشاورزان در کلّیّه شاخص های مورد بررسی، مثبت و معنی دار بوده است. نتایج آزمون t تک نمونه ای نشان داد میزان رضایت‌مندی کشاورزان از سیستم های مذکور با میانگین 3.762، بالاتر از حدّ متوسّط بوده است. نتایج تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی در شناسایی پیش برنده های تجهیز اراضی زراعی به سیستم های آبیاری بارانی در محدوده مورد مطالعه نشان داد پنج عامل شناسایی شده توانسته اند حدود 73 درصد واریانس متغیّر وابسته پژوهش را تبیین کنند. عوامل شناسایی شده و مقدار واریانس آنها به ترتیب اهمّیت عبارت اند از: سیاست های حمایتی ( 19.168)، تقویت نظام آموزشی ترویجی ( 17.308)، مشارکت فعّال کشاورزان ( 13.459)، قابلیت و کارآیی اراضی زراعی ( 12.181) و عوامل زمینه ای ( 10.893).

The Analysis of Driving Factors of Farm Land Equipment to Sprinkler Irrigation Systems (Case Study: the Villages of Ravansar Township)

Abstract Extended 1 Introduction According to FAO report to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, the first goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger worldwide in 2015. The investigations indicate that except for hundreds of million people worldwide who do not have the acceptable level of food security, there will have been the serious risk of feeding for more than 9 billion people by 2050. General Director Deputy of FAO claimed that agricultural productions should be increased by 70 percent around the world while by 100 percent in developing countries to reply increasing food demands. Despite the importance of agricultural productions in providing food security and dependence of agricultural production to water resources, the evidence proves that Iran is in inappropriate condition in terms of water resources. Due to more than 90 percent consummation of water resources in agricultural part, water resource planning is of great importance. In fact, applying various tools and technologies, this importance makes the planners and policy makers decrease the amount of consuming water while keeping the rate of productions at the same time. Equip agricultural land sprinkler irrigation system is of a kind of the important actions applied by the country planners which aims at managing the water resources around the country. The system is being used by the farmers through different parts of the country, namely Ravansar, in recent years. The present study aims at not only analyzing the effects of sprinkler irrigation systems on agricultural activities but also recognizing the driving factors of farm land equipment to sprinkler irrigation systems in managing the water resources of Ravansar rural regions. 2 Materials and Methodology The present quantitative study is of a kind of applied researches in essence and the descriptiveanalytic one regarding methodology in which the data are gathered by using documentary and field methods.  The statistical population consists of all farmers using sprinkler irrigation systems in Ravansar in recent years (190 people). 181 of them were available willing to interview with the researchers; their comments were analyzed.  The main research tool is a researchermade questionnaire, whose validity, reliability and Cronbach#039;s alpha coefficient were confirmed by university professors and relevant experts Wilcoxon test has been used to determine the effects of sprinkler irrigation systems on the farmers’ activities. Moreover, onesample ttest and exploratory factor analysis were applied to test the farmers’ satisfaction of sprinkler irrigation systems and recognition the driving factors of sprinkler irrigation systems adoption respectively. 3 Results and Discussion The use of sprinkler systems among the farmers of Ravansar has had considerable influences on the farmers’ activities regarding costsaving indices namely irrigation, saving labor power, development of water lands, increase of crop yields, saving water, reduction of soil degradation and erosion, the tendency to be more active in the agricultural sector, increase of crops diversity and decrease of water scarcity problems. Furthermore, the rate of the farmers’ satisfaction proves the satisfaction rate of the farmers form the sprinkler irrigation systems. Besides, the recognition of driving factors equipping agricultural lands to the sprinkler systems in the area indicates that, supportive policies, strong educationalpromotive system, active participation of farmers, functionality and efficiency of agricultural lands and background factors are considered as the most important factors. As long as they are strengthened, they provide more background to use more sprinkler systems among the farmers Ravansar. 4 Conclusion Applying Wilcoxon method, the findings of the research showed that the effect of sprinkler systems on the activities of farmers is positive and significant in all indices. The findings based on onesample ttest revealed that the rate of the farmers’ satisfaction of the system was about 3.762 which is higher than the average.  The findings of exploratory factor analysis showed that the 5 recognized factors can explain about 73 percent of the research dependent variance. Prioritized in order of importance, the recognized factors and their variances are: supportive policies (19.168), strong educationalpromotive system (17.308), active participation of farmers (13.459), reliability and efficiency of agricultural land (12.181) and contextual factors (10.893).