توان‌های توسعه کشاورزی شهرستان داراب و پیش‌بینی نتایج آن بر توسعه روستایی

اهمّیت توسعه کشاورزی و روستایی در توسعه ملّی ایران بر هیچ‌کس پوشیده نیست. کشاورزی به‌مثابه منبع اصلی تامین درآمد و ایجادکننده فرصت های شغلی، نقش مهمّی در حیات انسانی و توسعه آن دارد و از دیرباز نقش اساسی در اقتصاد روستایی داشته و گذران زندگی بسیاری از روستاییان وابسته به این نوع فعّالیّت بوده است. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی توان های توسعه کشاورزی شهرستان داراب و پیش‌بینی نتایج آن بر توسعه روستایی است که به‌صورت مطالعه موردی در مناطق روستایی شهرستان داراب صورت گرفته است. جمع‌آوری داده ها مبتنی بر پرسش نامه محقّق ساخته است. جامعه آماری نوشتار پیش رو سرپرستان خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان داراب است (6780 = n) که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 323 نفر ازطریق نمونه گیری خوشه ای انتخاب شدند. ملاک انتخاب روستاها براساس تعداد بهره‌برداران کشاورزی است. پایایی پرسش نامه با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ به میزان 0.85 محاسبه شده است؛ همچنین برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از روش تحلیل عاملی بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که مهم‌ترین عوامل توسعه روستایی عامل رفاهی خدماتی، زیربنایی، اشتغال درآمد و اجتماعی آموزشی است. در میان عوامل توسعه روستایی، عامل رفاهی خدماتی با 24.220% از واریانس بیشترین و عامل اجتماعی آموزشی با 8.313% از واریانس، کمترین درصد را در میان عامل های توسعه روستایی دارند؛ همچنین نتایج نشان داد که مهم‌ترین عوامل توسعه کشاورزی، عامل اقتصادی اجتماعی کشاورز، عامل زیرساختی کشاورزی، عامل دسترسی به نهاده های کشاورزی، عامل ترویج و عامل ترکیبی کشاورزی است؛ که از میان آن ها عامل اقتصادی اجتماعی کشاورز با 21.935% از واریانس بیشترین و عامل ترکیبی با 5.466% کمترین درصد را در بین عامل‌های توسعه کشاورزی دارد.

Agricultural Development Abilities in Darab County and Predicting Its Results on Rural Development

IntroductionThe rural community can be considered as a type of social organization formed on the basis of the relationship between people and local institutions associated with them. Agriculture today plays an essential role in the economic development of countries. The mainstay of the economic and social system of most countries is the largest source of employment. Anecare develops a very important opportunity to reduce malnutrition. The majority of the rural population is dependent on this sector. From the point of view of sustainable development, agriculturaloriented development is also a practical solution to rural problems, which has led to an increase in rural households’ incomes, provision of raw materials for industries, export value, food supply and rural welfare improvements. In the national economy of Iran, this sector also plays a crucial role, producing and providing 23% of employment, 14% of gross national product, 31% of nonoil exports and 94% of the country’s food needs; therefore, it is one of the most important economic sectors.Materials and MethodsThe research is a kind of applied one whose method is descriptiveanalytic. The data collection is based on field information (questionnaire). The questionnaire was compiled from three main dimensions (knowledge and skills of farmers, rural development and agricultural development) and 36 variables extracted from theoretical basis of the research. Therefore, in order to analyze the information, the descriptive statistics and factor analysis (in the main components analysis method) have been used in the SPSS software to answer the research question. In order to assess the validity of the questionnaires, the opinions of experts in the field of agricultural, irrigation and irrigation promotion in Darab Agricultural Jihad Department were implemented and necessary corrections were made. The reliability of the questionnaire was performed using Cronbach’s alpha. Moreover, the Cochran formula was used to obtain the logical volume of the sample population. Regarding the size of the statistical society in Darab city, which had 6780 rural households, 323 households were selected as the sample population to answer the questionnaires. A stratified sampling method was used to carry out a precise study and investigate the effects of agriculture and rural development on each other, so the amount of land was divided into four groups determining the necessary samples based on the number of beneficiaries in each group (based on the data available in Darab Agricultural Jihad). Finally, the samples were randomly assigned to each group with an appropriate assignment.Results and DiscussionDescriptive findings indicate that 93% of the respondents was male and 7% was female, the mean age of respondents was 51.10 with a standard deviation of 11.47. The mean of the household was 2.7 with a standard deviation of 0.24. Regarding the status of literacy, the highest prevalence rate was 51%. The highest amount of agricultural land belongs to 510 hectares and the lowest percentage is more than 15 hectares. Since more than 50% of farmers have an income 20 million rials, it is argued that the farmers have a good income.Development is one of the concepts that has a close relationship with the lives of individuals and seeks to raise the standard of living through optimal and optimal conditions. Nowadays, as a large part of the population in rural areas, rural development is an inevitable part of national development. Basically, a majority of villagers are working as a farmer. Since agriculture plays an important role in the rural economy and living conditions, it can also be considered as the basis for rural development. In fact, agriculture is the centerpiece of rural development. As agricultural development and rural development, in turn, have a major impact, the development of each one will lead to another development. In general, the issues related to agriculture and rural life are interrelated. Due to the proximity of the role and importance of agriculture in rural development activities, the concepts of agricultural development and rural development are used synonymously in many of the writings.ConclusionToday, one of the important goals of rural development is to enhance the capacities and productivity of the agricultural sector through structural policies in order to exploit the competitive advantages of agricultural products. In structural policies, there is a great emphasis on rebuilding agriculture from intensive cropping, agricultural renewal, increased exploitation, environmental sustainability, and comprehensive support for domestic production, taking into account the relative local and regional benefits. Agricultural section is one of the most powerful economic sectors of the country, which provides approximately onethird of employment, more than four fifth of the country’s food needs, half of nonoil exports, nine tenths of the needs of industries to agricultural products, and onefifth of the country’s gross domestic product.