Combination therapy for diabetic macular edema

Diabetic macular edema is a main reason for visual loss in diabetic patients. until recent years,macular laser photocoagulation was the only available therapy. the awareness that inflammation is an important factor in the pathogenetic process of dme gave reason for intravitreal treatment with corticosteroids. the introduction of anti-vegf drugs brought a revolutionary change in the treatment of dme. this paper will review the important clinical trials with an emphasis on combination therapies. © 2012 dinah zur and anat loewenstein.