Non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and haemodialysis dependent patients - A case control study

Background: compared with general population mortality rates are 10-20 times higher among patients with end stage renal disease,with 50% of this excess burden being attributable to cardiovascular disease. this excess risk is not entirely explained by elevation of traditional risk factors. elevation of several non-traditional risk factors associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in ckd and haemodialysis dependent patients. methods: it was a case control study which included total 96 subjects,48 were non-dialysis ckd patients,22 heamodialysis dependent patients and 26 healthy controls. non-traditional risk factors homocysteine,fibrinogen,crp,factor vii activity and haemoglobin estimated and compared with normal control population. results: the study revealed that homocysteine,fibrinogen,crp,factor vii significantly increased and haemoglobin was significantly low in both non-dialysis ckd and haemodialysis dependent patients in comparison to control group. mean homocysteine 15.38,27.30,23.76 μmol/l in control,non-dialysis ckd and haemodialysis dependent patient respectively. fibrinogen in control,non-dialysis ckd and haemodialysis dependent patient were 180.25,264.10,259.59 mg/dl respectively. crp level in control,non-dialysis ckd and haemodialysis dependent patient were 3.90,52.59,17.31 mg/l respectively. factor vii activity in control was 94.18%,whereas in non-dialysis ckd it was 103.97 %,and 106.18 % in haemodialysis dependent patient. haemoglobin was 13.85 gm/dl in control,but in non-dialysis ckd it was 8.08 gm/dl,and in haemodialysis dependent patients 9.46 gm/dl.cardiovascular disease in non-dialysis ckd 54.56% and haemodialysis dependent patients 59.4%. conclusion: haemoglobin is low and levels of homocysteine,fibrinogen,crp,factor-vii activity are increased among the patients with ckd and haemodialysis dependent patients.