polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from bottled water: a new automated solid phase extraction method and simulation of cancer risk

Considering the adverse effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) on human health and thecomplexity of their detection in water resources, this study was developed to assess the performance of anew automated device for the identification of pahs in water based on the solid-phase extraction and tosimulate the cancer risk of 16 priority pahs by monte carlo technique. all operational modes of extractionwere automatically performed using the proprietary software program. three spiked aliquots of pahsincluding 100, 500, and 1000 ng/l were used to evaluate the performance of the automated-solid phaseextraction (spe) apparatus. the time of extraction in the automatic-spe apparatus was 50 ± 4 minutes forsimultaneous extraction of 4 water samples, which was four times faster than that of manual-spe apparatus.the mean recoveries of pahs were 89.22 ± 4.94, 91.70 ± 4.45, and 94.61 ± 6.28% in spiked samples, witha mean of 91.84 ± 5.22%. except for naphthalene, all obtained recoveries were in an acceptable range(85-115%). the results of monte carlo simulation showed that the cancer risk attributable to eight detectedpahs including naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene (phe), benzoanthracene, chrysene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(cd)pyrene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene ranged from 0.05e-6 to 0.11e-6, with thecancer risk of 0.012e-6 having the highest probability (p = 0.82). additionally, this simulation showedthat 99% of the probability density of cancer risk was located within the range lower than 0.05e-6. ourresults showed that the novel automated-spe apparatus could be utilized for the extraction of pahs fromwater resources with a good recovery (85%-115%), high operational speed, and potential for separation ofsolvents from the air in the drying step. therefore, this device can be used for the extraction of trace pahsand similar organic compounds from water resources.