واکاوی ریشه‌ها و اندیشه‌ها در سه روایت تاریخی از «سلمان و دشت ارژنه»

شخصیت حضرت علی (ع) در فرهنگ و ادبیات عامیانۀ ایران‌زمین گاه با تاریخ، گاه با اسطوره، گاه با روایت‌های دینی و گاه با تخیل پیوند خورده است. یکی از قصه‌های عامیانه‌ای که تبلوری از مصادیق فوق است قصۀ سلمان و دشت ارژنه است که توسط مناقب‌خوانان چندی نظیر سید علی (قرن هشتم)، افجنگی (قرن نهم و دهم) و آتشی شیرازی (قرن دهم) به نظم کشیده شده است. مسئلۀ اصلی این مقاله تحلیل قصۀ سلمان و دشت ارژنه در این سه روایت است. برای تبیین این مهم، این روایت‌ها را در سه بخش بررسی کرده‌ایم: 1. معرفی نوع ادبی روایات سلمان و دشت ارژنه؛ 2. تحلیل ساختاری و محتوای روایات؛ 3. درنگی بر پشتوانۀ روایی، تاریخی و اسطوره‌ای این روایات. نتیجۀ این پژوهش که با روش توصیفی تحلیلی انجام شد نشان می‌دهد که داستان سلمان و دشت ارژنه در هر سه روایت در قالب گونۀ ادبی ولایت‌نامه سروده شده است که به‌دلیل ساختار داستانی روایی بستری مناسب برای سرودن قصه‌های عامیانه است. کلیت این داستان، پشتوانۀ روایی ندارد، اما پاره‌ای از آن ‌که به بیان کرامات و معجزات  حضرت علی (ع)  اختصاص دارد در کتب روایی مذهبی تایید می‌شوند. همچنین بخش‏هایی از داستان با اسطوره‌ها و باورهای عامیانه پیوند خورده است. این پژوهش نشان داد بخش‏هایی که به این داستان در گذر زمان اضافه ‌شده است بر وجهۀ عامیانه و اسطوره‌ای آن افزوده است.

analyzing the roots and ideas in three historical narratives of salman and dasht arjaneh

research backgroundconsiderable researches have been done on shiite literature. in the meantime, the studies that specifically deal with velayatnameh are limited, while this type of literature is widespread in shiite literature. dealing with velayatnamehs can be useful from various literary, historical and anthropological aspects. akram karami’s doctoral dissertation entitled analysis of shia poetry types in safavid era, emphasizing the poetic analysis of the velayatnameh type, and introducing the literary type of the velayatnameh, investigated the general structure of this literary type and presented examples of literary compositions in this type until the ninth century. vakilian and salehi in the book of hazrat ali in folk tales tell stories and narrations about hazrat ali which are popular among common people and indicate his dignity and virtues. the story of salman and dasht arjaneh is one of the stories narrated in this book.objectives, questions, and assumptionsone of the folk stories that has been reflected in the literary genre of velayatnameh is the story of salman and dasht arjaneh. in this story, hazrat ali appears as the supporter of salman farsi, who was also oppressed by chance, and fights with a lion in the arjaneh plain and saves salman. the purpose of this article is to introduce three narratives of three poets in three provinces. although this story has been brought to order many times, in this research, we will only compare and analyze three old versions of this story. in this review, the narrative-religious and historical dimensions of these narratives are analyzed, while we express the intellectual roots of these narratives in myths and folk beliefs. this article tries to show the similarities and differences of these three narratives, and introduce and analyze the structure and content of these three provinces in terms of narrative and literature. this article seeks to answer these questions: what is the literary type, structure and content of these three narratives? what changes have taken place in the different narratives of this story? what is the origin and literary, historical and narrative background of this folk tale?main discussionshiite poetry with its varied genres, formats, themes, approaches, and functions is a part of our literature. velayatnamehs are one of the literary types of shia poetry, which, due to its narrative-fictional structure, have become a platform for the expression of many stories and folk beliefs of shia poetry. velayatnameh is a relatively old literary genre that, by emphasizing the virtues and miracles of the innocent, which is sometimes accompanied by poetic imagination and exaggeration, tries to convince and consolidate the beliefs of the friends of hazrat ali and his family, while challenging his enemies as well. this type of literature is mixed with folkloric and popular ideas. great historical figures are not only forgotten with the passage of time, but under the influence of people’s judgments, new narratives are formed about them. hazrat ali is an attractive personality and has a high position among the nobles and the common people, which is a part of the common people’s familiarity with him through narratives and stories that have been formed in the form of verse or prose throughout history, and often reciters in gatherings used to recite those narratives with an expressive and attractive tone. undoubtedly, these narrations have changed over time for various reasons and sometimes they have been transformed and we are now facing different narrations of the same story. however, the hidden truth behind all of them is the creation of an extra-terrestrial and extra-temporal personality of that imam in people’s beliefs, which can untie knots in situations. in these narratives, it is sometimes linked with historical narratives.