the effect of bioactive compounds in multiple sclerosis as the adjuvant immunomodulatory: a comprehensive review

Background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic, immune-mediated neurodegenerative disorder marked by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury in the central nervous system (cns). contemporary therapies frequently focus on symptom alleviation instead of rectifying fundamental immunological malfunction. natural bioactive chemicals have garnered interest for their possible immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties. objectives: this review investigates the influence of several bioactive chemicals on immune responses related to the development of ms and evaluates their potential as supplementary or alternative treatments to standard ms medications. materials and methods: a thorough literature review was performed, concentrating on bioactive chemicals, including alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and essential fatty acids. clinical and preclinical studies were examined to ascertain mechanisms of action, effectiveness, safety profiles, and therapeutic promise in ms. results: bioactive substances have several advantageous effects, such as antioxidant activity, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and modulation of immune cell function. numerous investigations substantiate their function in mitigating neuroinflammation and decelerating illness advancement. nonetheless, constraints were also observed, including inadequate bioavailability, absence of standardization, and insufficient long-term safety evidence. conclusion:  natural bioactive substances are potentially immunomodulatory drugs in managing ms. although the results are promising, additional research is necessary to refine the formulation, improve absorption, and confirm long-term safety and efficacy. incorporating these chemicals with conventional therapy may enhance clinical results in people with ms.