computational pattern separation models of dentate gyrus neural subpopulation in the hippocampus

Hippocampus is a part of the brain that has an essential role in memory and learning. it is involvedin many cognitive and behavioral phenomena, including the pattern separation process: the abilityto distinguish patterns with very high similarity. the present study compared the models of patternseparation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and aimed to investigate the significant cellsand factors affecting pattern separation. in this review, we intend to describe the anatomy of thedentate gyrus as a part of the hippocampus, which has an essential role in pattern separation. otheradjacent neural populations are further addressed, too. models of the dentate gyrus, includingneurocomputation and functional, that represent the process of separating patterns in the dentategyrus are reviewed and analyzed. in this regard, five major models were highlighted and comparedfrom several perspectives. while some models are based on the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrusregions, others point to the mediation of cornu ammonis (ca3) as well. models with the lowestcells for pattern separation are addressed first. finally, inhibition is discussed in the comparison ofpattern separation models.