occurrence of total spinal anesthesia after caudal anesthesia in a newborn patient: a case report of a challenging complication

A 2-month and 13-day-old boy underwent surgery for a right inguinal hernia. during the procedure, a caudal block was performed using 4 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine injected with an epinephrine-soaked syringe. before the injection, we confirmed that there was no blood or cerebrospinal fluid present. however, shortly after the injection, the patient experienced respiratory apnea and a slow heart rate. the medical team provided respiratory and cardiac support and closely monitored the patient. after a day and a half, the patient was discharged with no further complications.