unusual complications of ultrasound guided central venous cannulation

Central venous catheter (cvc) insertion is a common procedure in operation theaters and intensive care units (icu). the procedure is performed through anatomical landmark technique, open surgical procedure, and ultrasoundassisted insertion. in the 1990s, ultrasound guidance of cvc insertion has been advocated as a means to reduce mechanical complications and placement failures compared with the landmark technique. still cvc complications can be related to insertion, indwelling, or extraction. there is a need for continuous monitoring to avoid possible risk factors so as to minimize the morbidity and mortality.