investigating the quality control, antimicrobial, and antioxidant evaluation of the ointment “marham-i-raal” used in the unani system of medicine

Background: the global promotion of herbal products is not at par due to a lack of quality control studies. marham-i-raal, a pharmacopoeial ointment, treats various types of ulcers and wounds. the present study evaluates the quality control, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of marham-i-raal.methods: the quality control parameters, including loss of weight on drying, ph, total ash value, acid-insoluble ash value, heavy metal analysis, microbial load, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography of marham-i-raal, were carried out. moreover, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of marham-i-raal were also investigated. results: the quality control findings of marham-i-raal, including weight loss on drying, ph, total ash value, acid-insoluble ash value, heavy metal analysis, and microbial load, were found within the normal limits. the antimicrobial study of marham-i-raal has shown promising effects against gram-positive bacteria and candida albicans. the antioxidant effects of the test drug were also found to be significant at higher concentrations against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid methods. conclusion: the standards developed for the quality control of marham-i-raal may be referred to in the future for further studies. this important unani ointment may be clinically used to treat non-healing ulcers and wounds.