نقش خوش‌بینی شغلی و بدبینی شغلی بر ادراک استخدام‌پذیری دانشجویان با میانجی‌گری‌ عملکرد تحصیلی و خودکارآمدی کاریابی

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش خوش‌بینی شغلی و بدبینی شغلی بر ادراک استخدام‌پذیری دانشجویان با میانجی‌گری عملکرد تحصیلی و خودکارآمدی کاریابی بود. روش پژوهش، توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. نمونه پژوهش شامل 366 نفر از دانشجویان شاغل به تحصیل در سال تحصیلی 1400-1399 دانشگاه شهرکرد بودند که به روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند و به پرسشنامه‌های استخدام‌پذیری، خودکارآمدی کاریابی، خوش‌بینی نسبت به مسیر پیشرفت شغلی و بدبینی شغلی پاسخ دادند. درضمن، نمره معدل برای اندازه‌گیری عملکرد تحصیلی در نظر گرفته شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش‌های همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. نتایج، رابطه مثبت و معنادار بین خوش‌بینی شغلی، ادراک استخدام‌پذیری، عملکرد تحصیلی و خودکارامدی کاریابی و رابطه منفی و معناداری با بدبینی شغلی را نشان دادند. همچنین، اثر غیرمستقیم خوش‌بینی شغلی با ادراک استخدام‌پذیری ازطریق میانجی‌گری عملکرد تحصیلی و خودکارآمدی کاریابی تایید شد؛ اما اثر غیرمستقیم بدبینی‌ شغلی با ادراک استخدام‌پذیری ازطریق میانجی‌گری عملکرد تحصیلی و خودکارآمدی کاریابی تایید نشد. به‌طور کلی، خوش‌بینی شغلی دانشجویان منجر به افزایش ادراک استخدام‌پذیری آنها و بدبینی شغلی دانشجویان منجر به کاهش ادراک استخدام‌پذیری آنها می‌شود؛ همچنین، خوش‌بینی شغلی می‌تواند با افزایش عملکرد تحصیلی و خودکارآمدی کاریابی به افزایش ادراک استخدام‌پذیری دانشجویان منجر شود.

mediating role of academic performance and job search self-efficacy in correlation between career optimism and pessimism and students’ employability perception

the objective of the present study was to investigate the role of career optimism and pessimism in students’ employability perception. particularly, this study examined the mediating role of academic performance and job search self-efficacy. the research design was descriptive and correlational. the sample consisted of 366 students studying in shahrekord university in the academic year 2021-2022. they were selected through stratified sampling method. they filled out scales on their employability, job search self-efficacy, career optimism and career pessimism. in addition, the mean score was considered to measure academic performance. pearson correlation and structural equation modeling analysis were used to analyze the data. the results showed a positive and significant relationship between career optimism with employability perception, academic performance and job search self-efficacy.  moreover, there was a negative and significant relationship between career pessimism and employability perception. also, the indirect effect of career optimism on employability perception through the mediation of academic performance and job search self-efficacy was confirmed. in general, the students’ career optimism increased their employability perception. however, the students’ career pessimism decreased their employability perception. on the other hand, career optimism could also lead to an increase in students’ employability perception by enhancing academic performance and job search self-efficacy.introductionin recent years, the issue of having a job has always been raised as one of the basic challenges for students (menon saraswathy, 2017). with regard to the employability of the students, researchers have focused on their employability perception (jackson wilton, 2017), which is defined as their perceived ability to achieve stable employment according to their conditions (rothwell herbert, 2008). one of the variables related to the students’ employability perception is academic performance. it is considered as an important predictor for job performance (brown campion, 1994). graduates with high academic performance, probably get better ratings from employers (pinto ramalheira, 2017). another variable examined in this study is job search self-efficacy. students with a high level of self-efficacy will show better employability skills (ab halim et al., 2019).other variables examined in this study include career optimism and pessimism. optimistic individuals pay attention to the bright aspects of life and maintain their hope in difficult periods and, as a result, have high self-efficacy (schuller seligman, 2008). on the other hand, pervasive negative expectations resulting from pessimism lead to a feeling of despair in individuals. as such, they refrain from engaging in activities outside their intrinsic motivation (elliot church, 2003). with respect to academic performance, it can be stated that optimistic expectations often increase students’ academic performance (icekson et al., 2020). on the other hand, an increase in pessimism can decrease academic performance (el-anzi, 2005; ruthig et al., 2009; roso-bas et al., 2016).regarding the relationship between career optimism and pessimism and employability perception, it can be stated that optimists have positive expectations about their career goals (haratsis et al., 2016; spurk et al., 2015). on the other hand, pessimists mainly focus on the problems and disadvantages of the dynamic process of change, which is the characteristic of today’s work atmosphere (saka et al., 2008). therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating roles of academic performance and job search self-efficacy in the relationship between career optimism and career pessimism with employability perception. the main objective of this study was to present a model of the relationship between career optimism and career pessimism with students’ employability perception through the mediation of academic performance and job search self-efficacy had a suitable fit. methodthe current research study was of descriptive-correlational. the statistical population included all students of shahrekord university in the academic year of 2021-2022. for this study, 370 students were selected through stratified sampling method. they filled out scales on their employability, job search self-efficacy, career optimism and career pessimism. it should be noted that students’ gpa was used as a measure of academic performance. data analysis was conducted using spss software (version 23) and amos23 software, and pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling analysis. resultsthe descriptive statistics of the research variables including mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficients of the variables are reported in table 1.table 1 mean, standard deviation and intercorrelations between research variablesvariablesdescriptivesintercorrelation  meanstd deviation12345employability perception5.30.761    career optimism3.77.64.57**1   job search self-efficacy3.82.6055**..55**1  career pessimism1.90.84-.42**-.60**.38**-1 academic performance16.55 .23**.17**.13*-.14*1*  p<.05  **p<.01in addition, table 2 shows the fit indices of the modified research model, which indicate the acceptability and approval of the assumed model.   table 2values ​​of structural equation model generality evaluation indicesindicesperfect fitadaptive fitfrugal fitholter cmingfitlicfipcfidfcmin/dfrmsea value704.65.85.84.86.752622.69.07143  figure 1the assumed model of the research            table 3 total, direct and indirect effects between research variables determination coeficientdependent variablemediationindependent variableindirectdirecttotalpbetapbetapbeta.044.03.012.50.013.53    .66       employability perceptionacademic performancecareer optimism.596-.01.791.04.756.03career pessimism.005.29.012.50.005.79job search self-efficacycareer optimism.398.02.791.04.499.06career pessimism--.005.15.005.15academic performance--.005.36.005.36job search self-efficacy    according to figure 1 and table 3, the results considering examining the direct relationships indicated a positive and significant relationship (p ˂ 0.05) of career optimism (β=  0.50), job search self-efficacy (β= 0.36) and academic performance (β= 0.15) with employability perception. there was also a negative and significant relationship (p ˂0.05) of career pessimism (β₌ 0.04) with employability perception. in addition, regarding the investigation of indirect relationships, the results showed a positive and significant relationship (p ˂ 0.05) of career optimism on employability perception with the mediation of academic performance (β= 0.03) and job search self-efficacy (β= 0.29). finally, the data did not confirm the effect of career pessimism on employability perception with the mediation of academic performance and job search self-efficacy.