نقش بدرفتاری دوران کودکی بر خودمهارگری نوجوانان: نقش تعدیل‌کنندۀ جنسیت و شفقت بر خود

هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی نقش تعدیل‌کننده جنسیت و شفقت برخود در رابطه بدرفتاری دوران کودکی با خودمهارگری در نوجوانان 13-19 ساله استان قم بود. روش پژوهش، توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی بود. نمونه پژوهش، 409 نفر (205 دختر و 204 پسر) از نوجوانان دو شهر قم و کهک استان قم بود که با روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات شامل مقیاس خودگزارشی کودک‌آزاری، مقیاس خودمهارگری و فرم کوتاه مقیاس شفقت بر خود بود. داده‌های این پژوهش از روش تحلیل مسیر تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان دادند بدرفتاری دوران کودکی، پیش‌بینی‌کننده خودمهارگری پایین دوران نوجوانی است. بدرفتاری دوران کودکی، پیش‌بینی‌کننده شفقت بر خود پایین دوران نوجوانی است. نقش تعدیل‌کننده شفقت برخود در رابطه بدرفتاری دوران کودکی با شفقت بر خود تایید شد؛ اما نقش تعدیل‌کننده جنسیت در رابطه بدرفتاری دوران کودکی با شفقت بر خود تایید نشد؛ بنابراین، با کاهش شیوع بدرفتاری با کودکان، شفقت بر خود و خودمهارگری دوران نوجوانی ارتقا می‌یابد. همچنین، پرورش صفت شفقت بر خود در کودکان دختر و پسر دارای تجربه بدرفتاری، مانع از کاهش سطوح خودمهارگری آنان در نوجوانی می‌شود.

the role of child maltreatment in self-control of adolescents: the moderating role of gender and self-compassion

this study investigated the moderating role of gender and self-compassion in the relationship between child maltreatment and self-control among adolescents. using descriptive and correlational design, this research study employed available sampling to recruit 409 adolescents (205 girls and 204 boys) aged 13-19 years old from qom province, iran. the instruments used for gathering data included child abuse self-report scale (casrs), self-control scale, and self-compassion scale-short form (scs-sf). the data were analyzed by the path analysis. the results indicated that child maltreatment predicted a low level of self-control and self-compassion in adolescents. the role of self-compassion as a moderator in the relationship between child maltreatment and self-control was confirmed, while the role of the moderator of gender in this relationship was rejected. thus, it can be claimed that              child maltreatment can promote self-control and self-compassion in adolescence. also, cultivating self-compassion in adolescents who have experienced child maltreatment can prevent them from reducing their self-control levels in adolescence.introduction      recent research has indicated that hormonal and neurological changes during adolescence can cause adolescents to experience dangerous events (berk, 2017). the appropriate level of self-control in   adolescents will protect them from the harms of adolescence and the next years of their life (jamshidi, 2016). past studies have shown that experiencing child maltreatment is associated with low levels of self-control (jones et al., 2021). moreover, self-compassion can promote self-control (hallion et al., 2019). in past studies, gender differences were observed in the experience of child maltreatment and self-control. in this study, we aimed to investigate the moderating role of gender and self-compassion in the relationship between child maltreatment and self-control among adolescents in qom province, iran.the hypotheses of this research were:h1. child-maltreatment predicts self-control.h2. child maltreatment predicts self-compassion;h3. self-compassion has a moderating role in the relationship between child maltreatment and self-control of adolescents.h4. gender has a moderating role in the relation between child-maltreatment and self-control of adolescents. method     this study was a fundamental study in terms of its aim and a correlational study in terms of its method. the statistical population consisted of 409 adolescents (13-19 years old) in qom and kahak, iran. from this sample, 205 (50.10%) were girls and 204 (49.90%) were boys. the participants were selected by the available sampling method. data collection instruments included child abuse self-report scale (casrs), self-control scale, and self-compassion scale-short form (scs-sf). the participants were assured that their information would remain confidential and informed consent was obtained prior to study. the online link to the questionnaire was provided to the participants through whatsapp and shad applications. results     there were 205 (50.10%) girls and 204 (49.90%) boys in the sample. from the sample, 60 individuals (14.7 percent) were 13 years old, 55 (13.4 percent) were 14 years old, 76 (18.6 percent) were 15 years old, 60 (14.7 percent) were 16 years old, 57 (13.9 percent) were 17 years old, 49 (12 percent) were 18 years old, and 52 (12.7 percent) were 19 years old.to analyze the first three hypotheses, standardized path coefficient and t statistic was used in smart-pls software (3rd version). if the obtained t statistic is greater than 1.96, the research hypothesis is confirmed.  table1evaluation of significant path coefficients  pt statisticstandard deviationpath coefficientshypothesisconfirmed0.009.30.04-0.41child maltreatment → self-controlconfirmed0.0012.460.04-0.46child maltreatment → self-compassionconfirmed0.032.200.04-0.09the moderating role of self-compassion in path child maltreatment → self-controlas in table 1, child maltreatment negatively and significantly predicted self-control in adolescence. therefore, the first hypothesis was confirmed. (path coefficient= -0.41, standard deviation= 0.04, t= 9.3, p< 0.001). also, child maltreatment negatively and significantly predicted adolescent self-compassion. thus, the second hypothesis was confirmed. (path coefficient= -0.46, standard deviation= 0.04, t= 12.46, p< 0.001). the third hypothesis, which investigated the moderating role of self-compassion, was also confirmed (rasouli et al., 2018, pp. 112). hence, the results showed that self-compassion moderated the relationship between child maltreatment and self-control.(path coefficient=-0.09, standard deviation=0.04, t=2.20, p<0.03)finally, the fourth hypothesis, which investigated the moderating role of gender (a nominal variable) in the relationship between child maltreatment and self-control, was tested by group analysis method (rasouli et al., 2018). in the group analysis method, first, all the data were separated by gender. then, the t statistic was calculated manually (table 2).  table 2investigating the moderating role of gender in the relationship between child maltreatment and self-control pathpath coefficientsnumber of peoplestandard deviationtchild maltreatment → self-controlgirlboygirlboygirlboy -0.25-0.482052043.740.05-0.03according to the data analysis, the hypothesis related to the moderating role of gender in the relationship between child maltreatment and the self-control of adolescents was not confirmed. conclusion    this study aimed to investigate the moderating role of gender and self-compassion in the relation between child maltreatment and the self-control of adolescents.  the results of this study showed that child maltreatment negatively and significantly predicted self-control in adolescents. the results are consistent with the findings of jones et al., (2021) who investigated that exposure to childhood adversities reduces self-control levels in the next years of life. also, the results showed that child maltreatment predicted self-compassion negatively and significantly. the obtained results are consistent with the research of lesani et al., (2021) who showed that childhood traumas negatively affected self-compassion due to creating a sense of self-criticism and self-blame.in addition, based on the findings of the present study, self-compassion moderates the relationship between child maltreatment and self-control. this construct can reduce the negative effects of exposure to trauma (barlow et al., 2017). therefore, self-compassion can act as a shock absorber against the impact of child maltreatment on the self-control of adolescents and