اثربخشی آموزش برنامه تاب‌آوری بر خودکارآمدی والدگری مادران کودکان ناشنوا: یک پژوهش مورد منفرد

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثربخشی آموزش برنامه تاب‌آوری بر خودکارآمدی والدگری مادران کودکان ناشنوا در شهر اصفهان انجام شد. پژوهش حاضر، یک مطالعه شبه‌آزمایشی از نوع مورد - منفرد و با طرح خط پایه، مداخله و پیگیری بود. جامعه آماری شامل مادران کودکان ناشنوا می‌شد. در این پژوهش سه مادر شرکت داشتند که با روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس از یکی از آموزشگاه‌های خمینی‌شهر انتخاب شدند. ابتدا سه بار مقیاس خودکارآمدی والدگری با فاصله زمانی دو روز در میان به‌عنوان خط پایه اجرا شد که نشان‌دهندۀ ثبات نسبی در نمرات بود. سپس آموزش برنامه تاب‌آوری در 10 جلسه اجرا شد. شرکت‌کنندگان بعد از هر جلسه با مقیاس ذکرشده ارزیابی شدند و سه هفته بعد، همان مقیاس سه بار با فاصله زمانی دو روز در میان به‌عنوان مرحله پیگیری اجرا شد. داده‌های استخراج‌شده با روش تحلیل دیداری تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان دادند آموزش برنامه تاب‌آوری تاثیر مثبت و معناداری بر خودکارآمدی والدگری مادران کودکان ناشنوا داشت. اندازه اثر و درصد داده‌های همپوش و غیرهمپوش برای خودکارآمدی والدگری برای کل شرکت‌کنندگان محاسبه شد. علاوه بر این، تاثیر شایان توجه مداخله در وضعیت پیگیری مشهود بود. براساس یافته‌ها، آموزش برنامه تاب‌آوری باعث بهبود خودکارآمدی والدگری مادران کودکان ناشنوا شد؛ بنابراین، پیشنهاد می‌شود از این برنامه برای بهبود خودکارآمدی والدگری مادران کودکان ناشنوا استفاده شود.

the effectiveness of resilience program training for parenting self-efficacy among mothers with deaf children: a single-subject study

this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of resilience program training for parenting self-efficacy in mothers with deaf children. the present study used a quasi-experimental research design of a single-subject type with a baseline, intervention, and follow-up design. the statistical sample consists of mothers of deaf children. three mothers who participated in this study were selected using the convenience sampling method from one of the schools in khomeini shahr, iran. at first, as a baseline, the participants filled out parenting self-efficacy scale three times a week (every two days), which indicated relative stability in scores. then, the participants received a resilience program training for 10 sessions. after each session, the participants were evaluated with the mentioned scale and three weeks later, the same scale was administered three times with an interval of two days in between as a follow-up step. the data were analyzed using visual analysis. the results showed that the resilience program training had a positive and significant effect on parenting self-efficacy in mothers of deaf children. the effect size and the percentage of overlapping and non-overlapping data for parenting self-efficacy were calculated for all participants. furthermore, there was a significant effect of the intervention on the follow-up situation. according to the findings, the resilience program training improved parenting self-efficacy in mothers of deaf children. therefore, it is recommended that this program be used to improve parenting self-efficacy in mothers of deaf children.introductionresilience is a combination of hope, life satisfaction, mastery of the environment, coping resources, social support, and cultural identity (krause, 2020). for this reason, activities that improve people’s resilience and competence are of particular importance (yazdanipour et al., 2022). in addition, parents are flexible in terms of self-efficacy, and resilience training may improve their self-efficacy (eltanamly et al., 2023). parenting self-efficacy is a cognitive concept that deals with the parents’ performance and is related to their evaluation of their abilities (kuhn carter, 2006). therefore, parenting self-efficacy is more important in families with deaf children (safarpour ashori, 2020). on the other hand, no research study has investigated the effectiveness of resiliency training on parenting self-efficacy in mothers of deaf children. therefore, the objective of the study was to understand whether resilience training was effective for the parenting self-efficacy in mothers of deaf children. methodthe present study used a quasi-experimental research design with a single-subject type including a baseline, intervention, and follow-up design, which was conducted in the academic year 2021-2022. the sample consisted of three mothers of deaf children who were selected using the convenience sampling method. at first, as a baseline, participants had to fill out parenting self-efficacy scale three times a week. then, the participants received a resilience program training for 10 sessions. after each session, the scale was administered and three weeks later, the same scale was given three times with an interval of two days in between as a follow-up step. the data were obtained from the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases and were presented in the form of tables and graphs using spss and excel software. then stability envelope and trend line were drawn for each participant. in the next step, using the trend and stability index, the degree of stability and the direction of the data trend were determined. finally, by using intra-situational and inter-situational analysis, the effectiveness of the independent variable on the dependent variable was analyzed. also, in this study, the special statistical methods were used for single-subject designs, such as the percentage of non-overlapping data (pnd) and percentage of overlapping data (pod). resultsthree mothers of deaf children (35 to 42 years old) participated in this study. the scores obtained from repeated measurements of self-efficacy during the baseline, intervention, and follow-up sessions are shown in table 1.  table 1 the scores ‌‌of self-efficacy in the baseline, intervention, and follow-up sessions participantsbaseline sessionsintervention sessionsfollow-up sessions123123456789123138394042464849515455575860616123433343740424547505357606262603424043475053555658596162646263  the self-efficacy scores of all three participants in the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases are shown in table 1. results indicated that the change in the scores of the mothers from the lowest to the highest score in the intervention sessions was significant, and in the baseline and follow-up sessions was low. in other words, the self-efficacy scores increased for all three mothers in the intervention phase. the analysis statistics of these participants’ scores are reported in table 2.   table 2the analysis statistics for the variable of self-efficacy participantsphaserangeminimummaximummedianmeanstandard deviationrelative balance1baseline238403939.001.002intervention1642585151.115.3516follow-up160616160.670.5812baseline133343433.670.581intervention2337604747.897.7923follow-up260626261.331.1523baseline340434241.671.533intervention1547625655.675.0015follow-up262646363.001.002according to table 2, the change in the scores of the participants from the lowest to the highest score was significant in the intervention phase, and they were low in the baseline and follow-up phases. in other words, the relative balance indicated a significant increase in the self-efficacy of the participants in the intervention phase. in this variable, the pnd and pod for all individuals were 96 and 4 percent, respectively. the effect size was 1/69. furthermore, there was a significant effect of the intervention on the follow-up situation. conclusionthe present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of resilience training on parenting self-efficacy of mothers of deaf children. the results showed that this intervention had a positive and significant effect on parenting self-efficacy in participants. the findings of this study were consistent with the research results of gadari et al. (2022) who reported that resilience training had a positive and significant effect on students’ social self-efficacy. in addition, the findings are consistent with those of haji aghanezhad et al. (2022) who reported that resilience training had a positive and significant effect on the self-efficacy of military families.to explain the finding that resilience training had a significant effect on the self-efficacy of mothers of deaf children, it can be stated that it causes a person to adapt positively to life challenges (southwick et al., 2014). resilience brings a person to inner self-fulfillment and through that people can have a specific direction in their life (tofighi et al., 2020). resilience program training can make mothers of deaf children more adaptable to their problems and significantly improve their self-efficacy.there were limitations in the present study. for example, only one questionnaire was used to determine parenting self-efficacy, while it is possible that some mothers did not actually answer the questions. the present study was conducted for mothers aged 35 to 42 and